Isifo Sokuntuleka Kokunaka Okungapheli, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-ADHD, besivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza kahle kwezingane kanye nezifundo. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulayo labantu abadala lifuna usizo ngobunzima elibubonile kusukela ebuntwaneni. ESpain, kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-6,8% wezingane kanye nentsha bahlushwa yilesi sifo, kanti ukusabalala kwabantu abadala kuphakathi kuka-3% no-4% , ngokusho kwedatha evela kochwepheshe ababonisiwe. Lezi zibalo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yalabo abathintekile iyaqhubeka nokuphila nale sifo ngale kobusha, yize abaningi bengakaze bathole ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni.
Ochwepheshe bakhomba ukuthi amacala atholakale ebudaleni awawona amasha, kodwa ahambisana nabantu abangatholakalanga ebuntwaneni. Emashumini eminyaka edlule, izindlela zokuhlola zazikhipha izingane eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezazingabonisi ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo ekilasini . Ngenxa yalokho, izinkulungwane zabantu sezifinyelele ebudaleni zibhekene nezidingo zomsebenzi nezomuntu siqu ngaphandle kokuqonda umsuka wobunzima bazo. UDkt. Mercedes Loro, udokotela wezifo zengqondo e-University Hospital yaseGuadalajara, uchaza ukuthi "kukhona ulwazi olwengeziwe olutholakala kodokotela bezifo zengqondo abadala ukuze baluxilonge, yize luqhubeka nokuba yinkinga engatholakali kahle."
Izimpawu ze-ADHD kubantu abadala
Indlela i-ADHD ebonakalisa ngayo izinguquko eminyakeni edlule. Kwabantu abadala, ukusebenza ngokweqile ngokomzimba kobuntwana kuvame ukuba ngaphakathi futhi kuguquke kube umuzwa oqhubekayo wokungabekezeli, ukukhathala kwengqondo, kanye nokukhungatheka . Udokotela wezifo zengqondo uJuncal Sevilla, uchwepheshe we-ADHD kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi 'ADHD: From Struggle to Strategy,' uveza ukuthi izimpawu ziyafana nezasebuntwaneni—ukungakhathali, ukungasebenzi kahle ngokomzwelo, ukunganaki—kodwa zivezwa ngendlela ehlukile ngenxa yethonya lendawo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo esiyitholayo. "Uma sesibadala, izimpawu ziphazamisa impilo yethu yansuku zonke kakhulu ngoba sesivele sinezibopho zomsebenzi nezomndeni," kusho yena.
Phakathi kwezibonakaliso ezivame kakhulu ukungahleleki ezindaweni eziningi zokuphila, ubunzima bokuphatha isikhathi nokuhlangabezana nezikhathi ezibekiwe, ukukhohlwa okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokungacabangi, okungaba ngamazwi—ngokukhuluma ngokuxhamazela—noma ngokwezimali, ngokusebenzisa imali engahleliwe. Abantu abaningi abane-ADHD baphinde babhekane nokugxila ngokweqile ezihlokweni ezibathakazelisayo, bagxile kakhulu , kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo okuvamile okuphazamisa ukuzinza komuntu siqu nokomsebenzi. UDkt. Loro unezela ngokuthi “laba ngabantu abanemlando yokuphila yemisebenzi ehlulekile, ukukhohlwa njalo, noma izingxabano nabaphathi kanye nozakwabo.”
Ukuxilongwa okufika sekwephuzile, kodwa kufinyeleleke
Ukuxilongwa lapho umuntu esemdala kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuzabalaza. Into evamile ukuthi abazali, ngemva kokuxilongwa kwengane yabo, bazizwa benokuxhumana okuqinile nalesi simo futhi bazifunele ukubonisana nabo . Lokhu kunesisekelo sesayensi: lesi sifo sinofuzo oluyi-70% kuya ku-80%, olufana nolwe-schizophrenia, ngokusho kukaDkt. Loro. Lapho befunda umlando wezokwelapha wengane, abantu abadala abaningi bayaqaphela ubunzima obufanayo ababhekana nabo ebuntwaneni babo, ubunzima obuqhubeka nokubumba izimpilo zabo.
Yilokhu okwenzeka kuSofía Robles, owesifazane osemusha waseCantabria owatholakala ene-23, kanye no-Andrea Jorde, owathola nge-diagnosis yakhe eneminyaka engu-27. Bobabili bachaza indlela abazizwa ngayo bekhutshaziwe yimisebenzi ebonakala ilula, njengokuthumela i-imeyili noma ukuqedela umsebenzi waseyunivesithi. "Uma ungena ebudaleni bese ngizithola ngiphelelwa amandla kuzo zonke izindlela ," kuchaza uSofía. Bobabili bathola ukwelashwa kokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale imbangela yangempela yokucindezeleka kwabo, okususa ezinye izifo ezifana ne -dyslexia . ECantabria, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ku-6.000 bane-ADHD, futhi inani elikhulayo labesifazane lifuna isiqondiso, njengoba ukuxilongwa okungaphelele kuthinta kakhulu abesifazane.
Udokotela wezifo zengqondo uJuncal Sevilla uchaza isikhathi sokuxilongwa ngokuthi "iholidi lomshado" elibuyisanisa umuntu naye ngokwakhe. "Ukwazi ukuthi yini engalungile ngawe kuyakwelapha ngokwako, futhi imithi iyasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni imizwa kanye nokuhlehlisa izinto," uveza. Kodwa-ke, uxwayisa ngokuthi isigaba sokwelapha silandela, lapho ukuzethemba kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu okuqongelelwe kufanele kuxazululwe khona. "I-ADHD ayilapheki; ufunda ukuphila nayo ," ufingqa.
Ukwelashwa namasu okuphila kwansuku zonke
Indlela yokwelapha i-ADHD kubantu abadala isetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. UDkt. Loro uchaza ukuthi kumele ihlanganise ukwelashwa kwengqondo kanye nemithi : ukwelashwa kusiza ukuphatha imizwa, ukulawula imizwa, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhlela, kuyilapho imithi ivumela ukugxila kanye nokugxila okuthuthukisiwe. "Uma ukwelashwa kulungiswa kahle, ukuthuthuka kuyabonakala kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwesiguli: emndenini waso, emsebenzini, kanye nasenhlalakahleni yaso yomuntu siqu. Kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezizuzisa kakhulu," kusho yena.
Ngaphandle kwemithi, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa amasu asebenzayo, njengokusebenzisa iziyalezo zokuziqondisa ukuhlela imicabango. UJuncal Sevilla uphakamisa izinsika ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ukwamukela ukuxilongwa njengenqubo ethatha isikhathi futhi ehilela ukuvalelisa kumuntu obelokhu unguye kuze kube manje ; ukudala indawo evumelana nezidingo zakho, ukufunda ukucela usizo ngaphandle kwamahloni; nokusebenzisa amasu athile, enziwe ngokwezifiso okulawula imizwa, ukuhlehlisa izinto, kanye nokuhlela. "Kuzodingeka ushintshe amaphethini athile owafundile futhi uqede ubandlululo oluningi olukuvimbele ekunqobeni izithiyo," uyaxwayisa.
UDkt. Loro ugcizelela ukuthi akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukufuna usizo. "Ngisho noma uneminyaka engu-50, uma ukholelwa ukuthi impilo yakho ingathuthuka, kufanelekile ukuyizama. Kuyisifo esingashintsha impilo yakho, ngokwelashwa okufanele ." Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi i-ADHD kubantu abadala akuyona into eyenzeka ngokushesha noma izaba, kodwa yisimo sangempela sokuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa esifanelwe ukuqashelwa nokuxazululwa. Ngokuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa komuntu siqu, abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukunqoba imizwa yokwehluleka futhi baqale ukuphatha izimpilo zabo ngempumelelo.
I-ADHD kubantu abadala iyinto ethinta izinkulungwane zabantu eSpain, abaningi babo abachithe amashumi eminyaka bengazi ukuthi kungani imisebenzi ethile yansuku zonke yayinzima kangaka kubo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqwashisa okukhulu kwezenhlalo, ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe kochwepheshe bezempilo, kanye nokutholakala kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo kuvumela abantu abadala abaningi ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele nokusekelwa. Ukuqaphela izimpawu, ukufuna isiqondiso sochwepheshe, nokusebenzisa amasu afanele kungenza umehluko phakathi kokusinda nje kulesi sifo nokufunda ukuphila naso ngokugcwele.