Ngomhlaka-11 kuNtulikazi 2010, eSoccer City Stadium eGoli, uNelson Mandela wabonakala enqoleni kagesi ukuzobingelela abalandeli ngesikhathi sokugcina seNdebe yoMhlaba. Wayeneminyaka engu-91 ubudala futhi enempilo ebuthaka, kodwa ukuba khona kwakhe kwakungenye yezikhathi ezithinta inhliziyo kakhulu kulo mqhudelwano. Leso senzo sasifanekisela ingqikithi yefa lakhe: ifilosofi yokuphila eyaziwa ngokuthi ubuntu , ayenza isisekelo sokubuyisana eNingizimu Afrika futhi eqhubeka nokukhuthaza abaholi kanye nemiphakathi emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa neSpain.
Ubuntu buwumbono womhlaba wase-Afrika ofingqiwe enkulumweni ethi "Nginguye ngoba singabantu ." Akuyona into ecatshangelwayo, kodwa umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuhlalisana: inhlalakahle yomuntu ngamunye ihlobene neyabanye, futhi umphakathi wakhiwe ngokuphana, ukungenisa izihambi, kanye nokuhloniphana. UMandela, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-27 ejele, wasebenzisa le filosofi ukuqeda inzondo yobandlululo nokwakha isizwe esinothingo. Isibonelo sakhe sidlule imingcele futhi manje sifundwa njengesibonelo sobuholi obuhle ebhizinisini nakuhulumeni.
Ubuntu njengethuluzi lokwelapha ngokuhlanganyela
Ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo kakhulu kobuntu kwakuyiKhomishini Yeqiniso Nokubuyisana yaseNingizimu Afrika (i-TRC), eyayiholwa nguMbhishobhi Omkhulu uDesmond Tutu, naye owathola umklomelo weNobel Peace Prize. Esikhundleni sokufuna isijeziso, ikhomishini yabeka phambili iqiniso nokulungiswa kobudlelwano. UTutu wachaza ubuntu ngokuthi “ubuntu bami bubanjwe kobakho ,” futhi ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, izisulu nabahlaseli balalelwa, isitha senziwa saba ngabantu, futhi kwafunwa ukuphulukiswa okuhlangene. Le nqubo, eyingqayizivele emlandweni, ibonise ukuthi ubulungiswa bokubuyisela bungaba ngcono kunempindiselo ekwakheni kabusha izwe eliphukile.
Ifilimu ethi Invictus , eqondiswe nguClint Eastwood futhi esekelwe encwadini kaJohn Carlin, iveza indlela uMandela asebenzisa ngayo iragbi ukuhlanganisa isizwe esihlukene. Kowamanqamu weNdebe Yomhlaba ka-1995, yonke inkundla yahlabelela ingoma yase-Afrika ethi Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika , umzuzu obaluleke kakhulu ngokomoya. UMandela wayeqonda ukuthi ezemidlalo zingaba yindlela yokubuyisana, futhi ubuholi bakhe babusekelwe esihawini esingaguquki, ekuphefumulelweni kokuziphatha, kanye nokwakhiwa "kwesi" esibandakanya bonke abantu.
Ukuxhumana neSpain: isibonelo sokuzwana
Ubuntu akuwona umqondo ongavamile, kodwa uhlaka lokuziphatha olungasetshenziswa ezimweni ezihluke kakhulu. ESpain, ushintsho lwezepolitiki ngemuva kobushiqela bukaFranco luyisibonelo sokubuyisana okwabelana ngezimiso ezifanayo. Bobabili uMandela no-Adolfo Suárez bakwazi ukunqoba isikhathi esidlule esibuhlungu ngaphandle kokubhubhisa labo ababeyingxenye yombuso wangaphambilini. UMthetho Wokuxolelwa Kwabantu Wango-1977 kanye noMthethosisekelo Wango-1978, owavunyelwa yi-90% yamaSpain, kwaba umphumela wezivumelwano ezibanzi kanye nokuvumelana. I-Concord yanqoba impindiselo , futhi lo moya ungabhekwa "njengenguqulo yaseSpain yoBuntu."
UNdaba Mandela, umzukulu kaNelson Mandela kanye nomongameli weMandela Institute for Humanity, ugcizelele ukubaluleka kwalokhu kufana ngesikhathi evakashele eSpain kaningana. Esidlweni sakusihlwa sakamuva, ukhulume nombhali uJuan Carlos Cubeiro ngefa likamkhulu wakhe kanye nesidingo sokukhuthaza imfundo, ubuholi bentsha, kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo. UCubeiro, uchwepheshe wobuholi, ukhomba ukuthi ubuntu bunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kwamabhizinisi anamuhla: ukulalela ngenkuthalo, ukwenza izinqumo ezisobala, ukuqashelwa okuhle, kanye nokwehlukahluka njengempahla. " Ubuntu beqiniso buhlanganisa ukuphakamisa abanye ," kusho uMandela, futhi leso simiso singaguqula noma iyiphi inhlangano.
Ubuntu njengempendulo ku-polarization yamanje
Siphila emphakathini ophawuleka ngokuzimela, ukungathembeki, nokungathembani. Ukuthanda abantu kanye nokungakholelwa eqinisweni kuyawuqeda umphakathi, kanti ukwahlukana kuvimbela ingxoxo. Ephendula, u-Ubuntu uphakamisa enye indlela: ukufaka umusa esenzweni, ukuzijwayeza ukubekezela, nokukhetha ithemba. UMungi Ngomane, umzukulu kaDesmond Tutu kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi *Everyday Ubuntu* , ufingqa lo mbono ngomusho owodwa: “Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho, qala ngokuthuthukisa impilo yabanye .” Akwanele ukuzwelana; kumelwe senze okuthile.
ESpain, umuzwa onamandla womphakathi kanye nomoya waseMedithera kunikeza Ubuntu indawo evundile. Inkinga yokunakekelwa, isizungu esingafuneki, kanye nokuhlukana komphakathi kungaxazululwa ngale filosofi. Endaweni yokusebenza, ubuholi bobuntu buhunyushwa emaqenjini asebenza kahle anombono ofanayo, ukuphepha kwengqondo, kanye nokuguquguquka kwangempela. U-Íñigo Sagardoy, umongameli we-MásHumano Foundation, ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokulalela ngokucophelela nokwakha imiphakathi lapho wonke umuntu engahlanganyela khona futhi azwiwe.
Ubuntu akuyona indawo eyingqayizivele, kodwa buyisiqondiso esisebenzayo esesivele sibonakalise ukusebenza kwayo eNingizimu Afrika. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo eSpain kungasiza ekunqobeni ukuhlukana kwamanje nokwakha umphakathi ohlangene kakhudlwana. Ushintsho lwaseSpain luyisibonelo somlando esibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka, futhi ifa likaMandela lisikhumbuza ukuthi ukubuyisana kuyindlela edinga ukuphana nesibindi . Njengoba uMandela ngokwakhe eshilo, "Ubuntu beqiniso buhlanganisa ukuphakamisa abanye."
Ekugcineni, Ubuntu busimema ukuthi sicabange kabusha ngobudlelwano bethu bomuntu siqu, bomsebenzi kanye nobezepolitiki. Akuyona into engaqondakali, kodwa imikhuba eqondile: ukwabelana ngesikhathi, ukulalela ngokucophelela, ukuthethelela ngaphandle kokukhohlwa, nokwakha umphakathi. Uma iSpain ifuna ukunqoba ukungezwani kanye nokungathembani, ingathola ugqozi kule filosofi yase-Afrika. Isibonelo sikaMandela kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwaseNingizimu Afrika kubonisa ukuthi ubumbano lomphakathi lungenzeka uma isithunzi somuntu sibekwa phambili . Futhi lowo myalezo uhlala ubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.