Iyini injabulo ngempela? Sekungamashumi eminyaka, odokotela bezengqondo, odokotela bezifo zengqondo, kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo bezama ukuphendula lo mbuzo ngaphandle kokufinyelela esivumelwaneni esiphelele. Kodwa-ke, kunento efanayo eyenzeka ocwaningweni lwakamuva: injabulo akuyona indawo okufanele ifinyelelwe kuyo, kodwa uhambo oluhanjwa ngezenzo ezincane zansuku zonke. Kusukela eHarvard University kuya emitholampilo yezifo zengqondo eSpain, ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi isihluthulelo asisikho ekuphishekeleni injabulo eqhubekayo, kodwa ekufundeni ukulawula imizwa, ukugcina ilukuluku liphila, nokwamukela ukuthi impilo ihilela nokukhungatheka.
Lo mbono uphambene kakhulu nesiko lokushesha elibusa imiphakathi yethu. Imithombo yezokuxhumana, ukusetshenziswa kwedijithali, kanye nengcindezi yokufeza impumelelo eqhubekayo kusiholele ekufuneni ukwaneliseka okusheshayo, okuthi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kunikeza impumuzo yesikhashana nje. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abacwaningi abanjengo-Arthur Brooks, uprofesa eHarvard, noGretchen Rubin, umbhali othengisa kakhulu ngenjabulo, baphakamisa ushintsho embonweni: ukwaneliseka okuhlala isikhathi eside kuvela emzamweni, ukuxhumana nabanye, kanye nokwamukela.
Injabulo, ngokusho kochwepheshe: akuyona isimo esihlala njalo
Udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseSpain uRicardo Martínez Gallardo, oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-37 yesipiliyoni, ufingqa lokhu ngesitatimende esinamandla: "Injabulo ephelele ayikho; iyizikhathi ezidlulayo, njengeholide ." Emsebenzini wakhe, ubona abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe—ikakhulukazi intsha—abafika beqiniseka ukuthi kufanele bajabule ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi abakhungatheka lapho iqiniso lingahlangabezani nalokho okulindelwe. "Siphila ngokuphishekela injabulo ehlala njalo, futhi njengoba ingakaze ifinyelelwe, kuvela ukukhungatheka okukhulu," uyachaza.
Lo mbono uxhumeka ngqo nokutholakele kuka-Arthur Brooks, ohlelo lwakhe oluthi 'Office Hours,' uthi ilukuluku nokufunda okuqhubekayo kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezibangela ukuhlakulela imizwa emihle . "Abantu abajabule kakhulu yilabo abangayeki ukufunda, hhayi ngenxa yesibopho kodwa ngenxa yelukuluku," kusho uprofesa. KuBrooks, ukugcina lowo muzwa wokumangala uphila kwandisa injabulo yansuku zonke futhi kuqinisa umbono wenhlalakahle, ngisho nasezigabeni zakamuva zokuphila.
UMartínez Gallardo unezela iphuzu elibalulekile: injabulo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomzamo. "Lapho umsebenzi omningi, ukuphikelela, kanye nokuzidela ngemuva kwempumelelo, kulapho ukwaneliseka kuvame ukuba kukhulu khona," kusho yena. Lo mbono ungqubuzana nesiko elibi kakhulu elithi "carpe diem" elabanjwa, ngokusho kukadokotela wezifo zengqondo, ngemva kobhubhane: "Sesidlule kokuphambene; kuzwakala sengathi konke kufanele kujatshulelwe ngokushesha, njengokungathi akukho kusasa."
Ukukhulisa izingane okujabulisayo: ukuqinisekisa imizwa nokubonisa uthando olungenamibandela
UGretchen Rubin, owasuka ekubeni ngummeli e-United States waba ngomunye wabacwaningi benjabulo abanethonya elikhulu emhlabeni, unikeza amathiphu asebenzayo okukhulisa izingane ezijabule neziphumelelayo. Iseluleko sakhe sokuqala siyamangaza: ungahlali ukhuthaza izingane . "Senza abantu bajabule ngokuvuma ukuthi abajabuli," usho kanje. Esikhundleni sokutshela ingane ukuthi ibheke ohlangothini oluhle, uchwepheshe uphakamisa ukuqinisekisa imizwa yayo ngemisho efana nokuthi "Ngiyaqonda ukuthi lokhu kunzima kuwe," okubasiza ukuthi babone futhi balawule imizwa yabo.
Insika yesibili kaRubin ukwamukelwa okungenamibandela. "Uthando alunamibandela futhi lufuna izinto eziningi. Luyakwamukela njengoba unjalo futhi lulindele okuhle kuwe," kusho yena. Uthisha u-Eva Bach ugcizelela lo mbono encwadini yakhe ethi 'The Beauty of Feeling,' lapho ephakamisa khona ukushintsha igama elithi "Ngiyakuthanda ngalokho okukufanele" libe elithi "Ngiyakuthanda ngoba unjalo, noma ngabe uphonsela inselelo okulindelwe yimi." Uthando akufanele luncike ekuphumeleleni kwezemfundo noma kwezemidlalo , kodwa kumuntu ngokwakhe, futhi ukwazisa umzamo kunemiphumela kwandisa isisusa sezingane kanye nokuzethemba.
Iseluleko sesithathu sikaRubin sigxile kubazali: ukuba nomusa kuwena kuyisisekelo sokunakekela kangcono izingane zakho . "Uma siba nomusa kithi futhi sishintsha indlela esiziphatha ngayo, ubudlelwano bethu buyashintsha," uqinisekisa. Uchwepheshe wabelana ngolwazi lwakhe lomuntu siqu: ukulala kakhudlwana, ukuzola, nokugcina umuzwa wokuhleka kwenza amadodakazi akhe "azole futhi ajabule." Lokhu kuzinakekela, njengensika yenhlalakahle , kunokuba kube yinto yokunethezeka, kuba ithuluzi lokufundisa.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nenjabulo: Ingabe ukuthenga izingubo kusenza sijabule kakhulu?
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuyi-Journal of Consumer Behavior, oluholwa nguprofesa waseSpain uPedro Cuesta, lwembula ukuthi "asithengi izingubo, sithenga injabulo ." Ucwaningo, olwenziwe kusetshenziswa idatha evela kubathengi baseYurophu, luhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zenjabulo ezihlotshaniswa nokuthenga: injabulo ye-hedonic, ehlotshaniswa nenjabulo esheshayo yokugqoka ingubo entsha, kanye nenjabulo ye-eudaimonic, evela lapho sithenga ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zethu, njengokukhetha imikhiqizo eqhubekayo noma ukusekela amabhizinisi endawo.
UCuesta uchaza ukuthi injabulo yabathengi ithonya ngqo izinhloso zokuthenga , nokuthi amapulatifomu edijithali afunde ukusebenzisa le ndlela. "Ama-algorithms awasiphoqi ukuthi sithenge, kodwa asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuboneni ukuthi yini esenza sijabule," ukhomba. Kodwa-ke, umcwaningi uxwayisa ngokuthi ukwaneliseka okusekelwe emvuzweni osheshayo "kusengozini enkulu yecala elilandelayo," kuyilapho ukuthengwa okuhambisana nezindinganiso zomuntu siqu kukhiqiza ukwaneliseka okuzinzile.
Lesi simo sibonisa ushintsho olukhulu lwamasiko: ukusetshenziswa sekuyindlela yokulawula imizwa efinyelelekayo nesheshayo. "Siphila enkathini ephawulwa ngokushesha kanye nokuphishekela njalo ukwaneliseka okuncane," kusho uCuesta. Kodwa, njengoba ochwepheshe bezihluthulelo zempilo yangempela besho , lokhu kwaneliseka kuyadlula futhi akuthathi indawo yenhlalakahle ejulile evela emzamweni kanye nokuxhumana kwabantu.
Ingabe ukuba nezingane kuletha injabulo? Lokho okushiwo yisayensi
Ukuhlaziywa okushicilelwe muva nje kwabantu baseYurophu abacishe babe ngu-27.000, okuhlanganisa nalabo abaseSpain, kwembula imiphumela eshukumisa ingqondo: abazali nabangebona abazali bathola amaphuzu afanayo ngokwaneliseka empilweni kanye nenjabulo iyonke . Kodwa-ke, abazali babonisa izinkomba ezimbi kakhulu zempilo yomzimba: inkomba ephezulu yomzimba, ukubhema okukhulu nokuphuza utshwala, kanye nezinkinga eziningi zempilo ezibikiwe.
Abacwaningi uNida Denson noThomas F. Denson, abavela emanyuvesi ase-Australia, bahlaziye idatha evela ku-European Social Survey bathola ukuthi isimangalo sokuthi izingane ziqinisekisa impilo eyanelisayo asisekelwa yidatha . Kodwa-ke, abalobi banxusa ukuba kuqashelwe: lolu cwaningo aluhlukanisi phakathi kwalabo abakhethe ukungabi nabantwana nalabo ababefuna kodwa bengakwazi, futhi imiphumela etholakele mincane ngobukhulu.
Le mpikiswano ihlangana nokuzindla okubanzi ngenjabulo: akukho sinqumo sokuphila, noma ngabe sibaluleke kangakanani, esiqinisekisa isimo senhlalakahle esihlala njalo . Njengoba udokotela wezifo zengqondo uMartínez Gallardo esho, "ukuphila kuqukethe ukulwela, ukubhekana nokukhungatheka izikhathi eziningi, ukuvuka, nokuqhubekela phambili." Uphetha ngokuthi injabulo iyisikhathi esidlulayo, inhlansi emfushane enikeza incazelo ohambweni.
Ekugcineni, ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi injabulo ayitholakali empumelelweni enkulu noma ekwanelisekeni okusheshayo, kodwa ekuhlakuleleni ilukuluku, ukwamukela imizwa enzima, ukuzinakekela, kanye nokwazisa umzamo kunemiphumela . Yile mikhuba emincane yansuku zonke, efinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu, eyakha impilo egcwele neyanelisayo, ngisho nasezikhathini zokungaqiniseki.
