Abantu bahlukaniswa ngendlela abacabanga ngayo nabaziphethe ngayo. Okuthakazelisayo ngaleli qiniso ukuthi, nakuba ngokombono sonke sabelana ngesimo esifanayo sesakhiwo, sisabela ngendlela ehlukile ukuze kukhuthazwe, kuthuthukiswe umbono kanye nendlela ethile yokucabanga. Yilokhu kuhlukahluka kwemibono okuthuthukisa ukuhlala ndawonye, ​​kodwa futhi yilokho okungadala izingxabano uma kungaphathwanga kahle.
Umbuzo wokuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani, phakathi kokwehlukahlukana amaphuzu wokubuka Ngokuphathelene nesihloko esithile, yimuphi umbono ongabhekwa njengosebenza kangcono, oqiniswe kangcono, noma owusizo kakhulu emphakathini? Kusukela kulokhu, kuye kwasungulwa izindlela eziningana. amasu amaningi wokuphikisana kanye nokuqhathanisa imibono, ukuze kutholakale inketho efaneleke kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela noma, okungenani, ukuqonda kangcono ubunzima bendaba. Kulesi sihloko sizobhekana ngqo ingxoxo yephaneli, ukubaluleka kwayo, isakhiwo, abahlanganyeli kanye nendlela yokwenza.
Ukubaluleka kwamasu wokuphikisana
Ngaphambilini, lapho kuvela ukungezwani kwemibono mayelana nesihloko, kwakuvame ukuholela engxabanweni phakathi kwamaqembu ahilelekile, okwakungaba yizimpikiswano ezishisayo kuya ezimpini ezinkulu, lapho umbono weqembu elinamandla wawugcina unqoba khona. Ukuphoqelelwa kanye nobudlova Lawa kwakungamathuluzi avamile okuxazulula ukungezwani.
Mhlawumbe lokhu kwakuyindlela enonya yokuqhubeka, kodwa uma sibuyekeza intuthuko yomlando womhlaba, singabona ukuthi eziningi zezimpi ezinkulu ezashintsha inkathi ngayinye zaqala ngendlela ukungezwani kwemibono okuphethwe kabilapho amaqembu ehlulekile ukufinyelela izivumelwano ngengxoxo. Uma kungekho zindlela ezicacile zokuxoxisana, ukuphikisana, nokulalela, ingxabano ingase ikhule kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwe- ukuqaliswa kwamasu okuxoxaLawa mathuluzi asinika izindlela zokuveza, ngezindlela zokuxhumana ezifanele, imibono ehlukene engaba khona mayelana nesihloko esithandwa kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokufuna umnqobi ophelele, thanda umehluko onengqondo izimpikiswano kanye nokuqonda ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela.
Amasu empikiswano, njengezingxoxo zephaneli, amatafula okuxoxa, noma izingxoxo ezisemthethweni, nawo angamathuluzi abalulekile ukuzivocavoca kwentando yeningi kanye nempilo yezemfundo neyesayensi. Ngenxa yabo, isihloko singasondelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, sivimbele izwi elilodwa ukuthi linqobe ngaphandle kwenselelo futhi sidale izikhala lapho ukubekezelelana nenhlonipho kube yisisekelo sokusebenzisana.
Ukuze inqubo esetshenzisiwe iphumelele, kubalulekile ukuthi kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:
- Umhlanganyeli ngamunye kumele aziswe futhi abhalwe phansi Ngokuphathelene nesihloko okuzoxoxwa ngaso; lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi wenze iminikelo ebalulekile, usekele imibono yakho ngemininingwane eqinile kanye nezimpikiswano, futhi ugweme izitatimende ezingacacile noma ezingenasisekelo.
- Uma unombono ocacile mayelana nodaba oludingidwayo, umhlanganyeli usemsebenzini wokudalula chaza ngokucacile izizathu zakho zokuvikela lowo mbono, uchaze hhayi nje kuphela lokho okucabangayo, kodwa nokuthi kungani ukucabanga kanjalo.
- Yamukela ukuma kwenhlonipho Kuyisisekelo: imibono ehlukene ifanelwe ukulalelwa nokuhlolwa. Ekugcineni, umgomo ukuthuthukisa ikhambi eliphelele noma ukuqonda lapho wonke umuntu angazizwa emelelwe khona ngezinga elithile.
- Hlonipha isikhathi esinqunyiwe kungenelelo ngalunye. Kulolu hlobo lokuguquguquka, ukuhlanganyela okufushane kuyakhuthazwa; ukuphambuka kufanele kugwenywe ukuze kungaphazamisi ukuhlanganyela kwabanye nokugcina ukunaka kwezilaleli.
- Ungazibekeli eceleni umbono owodwaUkubaluleka kwempikiswano kusekukhuliseni ukuqonda komuntu ngesihloko. Ukulalela izimpikiswano eziphikisanayo noma ezihambisanayo kuthuthukisa umbono wakhe.
- Sebenzisa a ulimi olufanele kanye nethoni yezwiUkugwema ukuhlaselwa komuntu siqu, ukugconwa, noma ukuhlanjalazwa okucasulayo. Inhlonipho ngamazwi inegalelo ekwakheni isimo esakhayo.
Iphaneli yengxoxo
El ingxoxo yephaneli Kuyindlela yengxoxo yokuchaza kanye nengxoxo lapho isihloko sentshisekelo evamile, ekhethekile noma ephikisanayo sidingidwa khona ngumuntu iqembu lochwepheshe (abahleli bephaneli), ukuze kuhlaziywe futhi kuxoxiswane ngakho phambi kwezilaleli. Laba bantu bashintshana ngokunikeza imibono yabo kanye nezimpikiswano ngodaba oluthile, beqondiswa umqondisi.
Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho iqembu lochwepheshe lifisa ukwandisa ulwazi lwabo ezilalelini eziningi. Ngalesi sizathu zihlelwe ngohlobo lwephaneli noma itafula langaphambili, libheke ababekhona ukuze bandise ukuqonda kwabo ngesihloko. Ukuxhumana kungaba okusemthethweni noma okuguquguqukayo, kuye ngomongo kanye nemithetho echazwe yinhlangano.
Izingxoxo zephaneli zivame ukusetshenziswa ensimini ezemfundo, ezesayensi, ezepolitiki kanye nezobungcwetiBangakhuluma ngezihloko zesayensi, zomthetho, zenhlalo, zokuziphatha, noma izindaba zamanje. Ngezinye izikhathi babanjwa phambi kwezilaleli eziningi, kanti ngezinye izikhathi bagcinwa ngasese neqembu labantu abambalwa kodwa abanentshisekelo efanayo.
Isicelo sePhaneli: Le ndlela ivame kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe izingqungquthela, ama-congress kanye nama-symposialapho ochwepheshe belungiselela izethulo zabo zokuqala, bese kuvuleka isikhala sokuba umphakathi uveze ukungabaza, imibono, noma imibono ngalokho okuveziwe. Ezimweni eziningi, isethulo sidlulela esigabeni soku ingxoxo phakathi kwamalungu ephanelikanye nokuxhumana nezilaleli. Izibonelo zamaphaneli: izingqungquthela zezokwelapha, imihlangano yezinhlangano zomphakathi, izinkundla zezingxoxo zezepolitiki noma zomphakathi, izingqungquthela zaseyunivesithi, kanye nezindawo zezingxoxo kwabezindaba.
Ngokuvamile, izingxoxo zephaneli zivame ukuba imicimbi yesikhathi esilinganiselweLezi zikhathi zingahlala cishe ihora elilodwa kuya kwamabili, kuye ngokuthi isihloko siyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani kanye nenani labahlanganyeli. Isikhathi ngokuvamile sihlukaniswa phakathi kwesigaba sokwethula, isethulo somxhumanisi ngamunye, iseshini yemibuzo nezimpendulo, kanye nengxenye enikezelwe... imibuzo yezithameli.
Izici ezijwayelekile zephaneli yengxoxo
Nakuba kukhona ukuhlukahluka, izingxoxo zephaneli zabelana ngezici eziningana ezizihlukanisa nezinye izindlela zengxoxo. izici ezijwayelekile ezibaluleke kakhulu okulandelayo:
- Kuyindlela yokuxoxisana zamazwe amabiliLokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona ukushintshana ngolwazi lapho bobabili abathintekayo (umethuli nomlaleli) bengaxhumana khona. Abaphathi bephaneli bayaxoxa futhi baphendula nemibuzo evela kubalaleli.
- Kudingeka ukuba khona kwesibalo umlamuleli ongathathi hlangothi phakathi kwamaqembu womabili: umqondisi, onesibopho sokugcina ukuhleleka, ukwabela amathuba okukhuluma nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iyahlonishwa.
- Umlayezo uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzodluliselwa ngokucacile. Indlela ehlelekile, enezikhathi ezichaziwe kanye nokushintshashintsha, ikhuthaza ukuqonda kwezilaleli futhi ivimbela ingxoxo ekubeni yingxoxo ephithizelayo.
- Abantu bavame ukubizwa ochwepheshe emkhakheni othile ukusebenza njengomphathi wephaneli. Ulwazi lwabo nolwazi lwabo luletha ukuqina nokujula engxoxweni.
- Zimayelana ne- isihloko esithile noma indlela ethile. Iphaneli ngayinye ihlelwe ngombuzo noma inkinga ethile, lapho uchwepheshe ngamunye enikeza khona umbono wakhe.
- Bane- ifomethi echaziwe kanye nobude besikhathiAmalungu ephaneli ayashintshana ngokwethula, ngaphandle kokuphazamisana ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesethulo, bese kuthi ngemva kwalokho kuvulwe isikhala lapho kuvunyelwa khona izimpendulo, imibuzo kanye nokuphawula, njalo ngaphansi kohlaka lwenhlonipho.
- Banikeza ilungu ngalinye lephaneli i- ithuba elilinganiselwe lokubonisa imibono yabo. Ngakho-ke, kokubili izikhathi zokukhuluma kanye nenani labahlanganyeli kuyalawulwa, okuvimbela izwi elilodwa ekulawuleni ingxoxo.
Izinto ezakha iphaneli yengxoxo
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuxoxisana, futhi umehluko phakathi kwazo ngamunye uhlotshaniswa inhloso abayiphishekelayoEndabeni yengxoxo yephaneli, leyo nhloso iwukuthi ukunikeza umphakathi onentshisekelo Ithuba lokuxhumana nokushintshana ngemibono nalabo ababhekwa njengochwepheshe esihlokweni esithile. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sephaneli simiswe kanje:
Iphaneli yochwepheshe noma abaholi bephaneli
El iphaneli yochwepheshe Yakhiwa yilabo ababhekwa njengochwepheshe esihlokweni noma iziphathimandla ezicini ezahlukene ezihlobene nesihloko esiyinhloko. Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bephaneli, kunezincomo eziningana: Cishe amalungu ephaneli amahlanu abhekwa njengafanele.Iziqondiso eziningi ezisebenzayo ziphakamisa phakathi Amalungu angu-3 no-5 Ukuze kulondolozwe ukugeleza kwamanzi, kunconywa ukugwema ukudlula inani eliphezulu (ezinye izindlela zeluleka ukudlula abantu abangu-7 noma, ngokusho kwezinye izinkomba, abantu abayi-10) ukuvimbela ukuhlakazeka nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi okufanele.
Abaphathi bephaneli bangaba abacwaningi, ochwepheshe, izikhulu zenqubomgomo yomphakathi, abamele izinhlangano noma yimuphi omunye umuntu onolwazi olufanele ngale ndaba. Into ebalulekile ukuthi umuntu ngamunye anganikeza umbono osekelwe kahle, futhi uma kungenzeka, ohambisana noma ophikisana nowabanye.
Yini elindelekile kuma-panelist?
Kulindeleke ukuthi iphaneli yethule inkulumo ecebile ngolwazi, okuvumelanayo nokusebenzayoUmethuli kufanele alungiselele isethulo sakhe ngokucophelela, agweme ukuphindaphindwa okungabangela izethameli ukuba zilahlekelwe yisithakazelo. Okungcono kakhulu, umnikelo ngamunye kufanele ufake idatha, izibonelo, ukuzindla okubucayi, kanye neziphakamiso.
Amalungu ephaneli yengxoxo Kufanele bahlukanise isihloko phakathi kwabahlanganyeli.Baqaphela kakhulu ukuthi bangangeni endaweni yobuchwepheshe yomunye umuntu ophethe iphaneli, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekuphindaphindweni okungadingekile. Lesi sakhiwo esilungiselelwe kusengaphambili sivumela uchwepheshe ngamunye ukuthi agxile esicini esithile kuyilapho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphaneli iyonke inikeza umbono obanzi nohlukahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngesikhathi somhlangano wokuxhumana nezilaleli, iphaneli kumele qaphela ukungabazaPhendula ngokucacile, futhi lapho kungenzeka, uhumushe imiqondo yobuchwepheshe ibe ulimi olufinyeleleka kalula. Isimo sengqondo esihle sihlanganisa ukuzethemba olwazini lwakho kanye umusa nokuvuleleka engxoxweni.
- OkusesidlangalaleniKunconywa ukuthi labo abahlanganyela njengababukeli bazijwayeze nesihloko kusengaphambili, njengoba bezoqonda kangcono imibono evezwe yiphaneli uma benokuqonda okuyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzobavumela ukuthi basebenzise kahle isikhathi sokuxoxisana ngokubuza imibuzo ethakazelisayo nehlelwe kahle.
- UmengameliEngxoxweni yephaneli, umuntu ongathathi hlangothi kudingeka ukuthi ethule izihloko ezilalelini, enikeza isethulo esifushane kumuntu ngamunye wephaneli. Lo muntu futhi Uzoba nomthwalo wokugcina isikhathi. Umphathi uzolawula ukungenelela kwamalungu ephaneli kanye neseshini yemibuzo nezimpendulo, ekhuthaza umoya omuhle nohloniphekile. Ukuba khona kwabo kufuna inhlonipho, futhi kumele bakhulume ngokucacile nangokufanele, njengoba bezoba ngumlamuleli phakathi kwamalungu ephaneli kanye nezilaleli, futhi bazokwethula isifinyezo samaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu okuxoxwe ngawo.
Izinhlobo zezingxoxo zephaneli
Izingxoxo zephaneli zingaba ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi amaphrofayili abahleli bephaneli kanye nenhloso yomhlangano. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zifaka okulandelayo:
- Iphaneli ekhethekileIphaneli yezivakashi yakhiwa ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, njengososayensi, oprofesa baseyunivesithi, abahlaziyi, ochwepheshe, noma iziphathimandla endaweni. Isetshenziswa, isibonelo, ezingqungqutheleni zezemfundo, emihlanganweni yokusebenzela yezokwelapha, emicimbini yesayensi, noma ezingxoxweni zobuchwepheshe.
- Iphaneli yomphakathiIphaneli yezivakashi yakhiwe ngabantu abavela ezizindeni nasezicini ezahlukene, abakhethwe ngokwemigomo emele (ubudala, umsebenzi, indawo, njll.). Indima yabo ukunikeza umbono wezakhamuzi noma umphakathi othintwe yinkinga ethile.
- Iphaneli exubileIhlanganisa ukuba khona kochwepheshe nokwababambiqhaza abangebona ochwepheshe, ngaleyo ndlela iqhathanisa ulwazi lobuchwepheshe nolwazi lwansuku zonke noma umbono womphakathi. Le fomula ivame kakhulu ezingxoxweni ngezindaba zomphakathi, zemfundo, noma zezempilo.
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwephaneli kuncike ku- inhloso eyinhloko yengxoxoUma kudingeka ukujula kobuchwepheshe, iphaneli ekhethekile iyoba ngcono; uma inhloso iwukumela imikhakha yezenhlalo ehlukene, iphaneli yomphakathi noma exubile iyoba ngcono.
Kuqhutshwa ibhodi lezingxoxo
La isakhiwo esiyisisekelo Ingxoxo yephaneli ihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezigaba ezichazwe kahle ezivumela ukuphathwa kwesikhathi futhi zikhuthaze ukucaca kokushintshana. Nakuba kungase kube nokwehluka, isakhiwo esijwayelekile sinje:
- Okokuqala, umphathi Isikhulumi siqala ngesingeniso esifushane ngesihloko. Sichaza ukubaluleka kwaso, ukugxila kwephaneli, kanye nalokho izethameli ezinethemba lokukuthola kulesi sigaba. Bese bethula ilungu ngalinye lephaneli, bachaze indawo yabo yobuchwepheshe, isizinda, kanye, uma kusebenza, ucwaningo lwabo kanye nezincwadi zabo ensimini.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, i- amalungu ephaneli lochwepheshe Banikeza izethulo zabo zokuqala ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esivunyelwene ngaso (ngokuvamile phakathi kwemizuzu eyishumi neshumi nanhlanu kumuntu ngamunye). Phakathi nalesi sigaba, amalungu e- umphakathi Balalela buthule, babhale amanothi, futhi baqophe noma yimiphi imibuzo abafisa ukuyibuza ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana.
- Uma izethulo seziphelile, umphathi Le nqubo ihilela ukubuza ababhali bephaneli imibuzo ejwayelekile mayelana nezihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu noma amaphuzu okungenzeka ukuthi ayedida. Inhloso yalesi sigaba uku... ukuphenya ngokujulile nokucacisa izici ezibalulekile zesihloko, kanye nokukhuthaza ingxoxo eqondile phakathi kochwepheshe.
- Ngemva kwalokhu kushintshana kokuqala, isikhala sengxoxo phakathi kwamalungu ephaneli. Kulesi sigaba, kuxoxwa ngezinkulumo zabanye, kwakhiwa izimpikiswano kanye nemibono ephikisanayo, futhi imibono iyaqhathaniswa. Umqondisi unikeza ukuthi ubani ongakhuluma futhi alawule isikhathi ukuze wonke umuntu ahlanganyele ngokulinganayo.
- Uma amaphuzu ayinhloko esekhulunyiwe, inqubo iyaqala isiphetho esingaphelele, lapho umphathi imema i- ama-panelists ukunikeza isifinyezo esifushane sephuzu abalivezile noma isikhundla abasiphethe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi izilaleli zikwazi ukubona ngokucacile imibono eyinhloko yesikhulumi ngasinye.
- Ekugcineni, iseshini yemibuzo nezimpendulo zezilaleli. Umongameli Umphathi ubeka imithetho yokubamba iqhaza, anikeze amathuba okukhuluma, kanye nezikhathi zokungenelela ngakunye, kokubili kokubuza nokuphendula imibuzo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, kumele aqinisekise ukuthi imibuzo kanye nokuphawula kwakhiwa ngenhlonipho, futhi uma imithetho ingalandelwanga, banegunya lokungenelela ukuze baqondise kabusha noma baqede ingxoxo.
Ekupheleni kwephaneli, umlawuli uvame ukwenza ukuvalwa okufushaneUbonga ababekhona kanye nababekhona, futhi uqokomisa imibono efanele kakhulu eyavela ngesikhathi sengxoxo, ngaphandle kokubeka isiphetho esisodwa, kodwa egcizelela ukuceba kwemibono ehlukene.
Iyini inhloso yengxoxo yephaneli?
Izingxoxo zephaneli ziyizikhala kuhlelekile, kuphephile futhi kuhlelekile ukubhekana nezinkinga ezingaba yimpikiswano, eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma ezinzima ukuzisingatha ngendlela engahleliwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi:
- Ukubhekana nesihloko esithile ngendlela ebanzi nehlukahlukeneokuvumela umehluko wemibono phakathi kwabantu abanezizinda ezahlukene kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile.
- Khuthaza impikiswano eyakhayo kanye nempikiswano, ngokubeka phambili ukushintshana ngemibono okunengqondo hhayi ukuxabana komuntu siqu.
- Buyekeza, julise noma wandise ulwazi umphakathi ngendaba yezemfundo, yobungcweti noma yezenhlalo.
- Nika isandla enhlalakahleni yentando yeningingokunikeza imodeli yengxoxo enenhlonipho eqaphela ubunzima beqiniso futhi ikhuthaza ukubekezelelana ngisho nasekungavumelanini.
Ngale ndlela, ingxoxo yephaneli iba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokukhuthaza Ukuqonda komphakathi ngezinkinga ezifaneleukukhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile nokunikeza izwi emikhakheni ehlukene ehilelekile enkingeni efanayo.
Izibonelo zezihloko zengxoxo yephaneli
Ezinye izibonelo ze izihloko ezifanele zengxoxo yephaneli Yilezi:
- Ukuxhashazwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa esikoleniKungenzeka ukuhlaziya ukuthi kungani lesi simo senzeka, ukuthi imiphumela yaso iyini, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuze kutholakale futhi kumiswe ngesikhathi, kuvinjwe ukuthi kungaba yinkinga enkulu kakhulu. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sesikole, uthishanhloko wesikole, umxhumanisi wezemfundo, kanye nochwepheshe wokuhlalisana kwesikole kungahileleka.
- Izingozi zezokuxhumana nabantu kubumfihloIngxoxo izohlanganisa imikhawulo yokuveza impilo yakho yangasese, izingozi ezihambisana nokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi omphakathi, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi noma ukuvuza kwedatha. Abahlanganyeli bangafaka phakathi uchwepheshe we-IT, ummeli wokuvikelwa kwedatha, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezenhlalo, kanye nososayensi wezenhlalo.
- Umthwalo wemfanelo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezuluUcwaningo luhlola ukuthi ubani obangela ukuwohloka kwemvelo, indima yohulumeni, amabhizinisi, kanye nezenzo zomuntu ngamunye, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo eziphumelela kakhulu. Izazi zemvelo, izazi zezinto eziphilayo, izazi zezomnotho, ochwepheshe benqubomgomo yomphakathi, kanye nabamele izinhlangano zezemvelo bangahlanganyela.
- Ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwaIngxoxo izobhekana nezinkinga ezifana nokuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungathatha indawo yemisebenzi yabantu kangakanani, izingozi zokuziphatha ezilethayo, ukuthembeka kolwazi olulukhiqizayo, kanye nemithethonqubo engadingeka. Abahlanganyeli bangafaka phakathi onjiniyela bezinhlelo, izazi zefilosofi, izazi zengqondo, ochwepheshe bezomthetho wezobuchwepheshe, kanye nochwepheshe bezimiso zokuziphatha ezisetshenziswayo.
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, iphaneli yezingxoxo ivumela umphakathi ukuthi Lalela izimpikiswano eziphikisanayoBuza imibuzo futhi uthole ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinkinga ezivame ukuba lula kakhulu engxoxweni yansuku zonke.
Sekukonke, ingxoxo yephaneli ivelele njengenye yezindlela zengxoxo ezibanzi neziguquguqukayo zokuhlaziya izindaba ezihambisana kahle neqembu, ihlanganisa ukuchazwa okuqinile, ingxoxo ehlelekile, kanye nokuhlanganyela kwezilaleli ngendlela eyodwa.