Pablo Neruda Uyigama elidumile ezincwadini emhlabeni wonke, futhi kufanele. Wayenesiphiwo sokubhala futhi wayengumuntu imbongi enkulu. Igama lakhe lokuqala kwakungu U-Ricardo Eliécer Neftalà Reyes BasoaltoWazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1904, eParral, eChile. Washona ngomhlaka-23 Septhemba 1973, eSantiago, ngaphansi kwezimo ezisabangela impikiswano; yize kungekho siqinisekiso esiphelele, kunezinsolo ezinamandla kanye nophenyo olulandelayo olusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wabulawa. ubuthi.
Lo mbhali omangalisayo uthole udumo oluhlonishwayo Umklomelo kaNobel Ezincwadini ngo-1971 futhi wathola Udokotela Ohloniphekile yi-University of Oxford, eziveza njengomunye wabantu abaphambili ku- Izinkondlo zaseMelika zaseHispanic kanye nezincwadi zomhlaba.
Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, ngaphezu kokuba yimbongi wayephinde abe ngumuntu okhuthele isishoshovu sezombusazwe, uSenator weRiphabhulikhi yaseChile kanye nelungu le- IKomidi Elimaphakathi Leqembu LamaKhomanisiUkuzinikela kwakhe kwezenhlalo kwamenza waba ngumuntu oqokelwe ukuba ngumongameli wezwe lakhe futhi wabamba isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli. inxusa eFranceNaphezu kokuphila impilo yomphakathi ejulile nenesiphithiphithi kangaka, wayehlala evelele emkhakheni wezincwadi, efinyelela ibhalansi phakathi komzabalazo wezenhlalo nokudala ubuciko.
Wayengomunye wababhali abavelele kakhulu bezincwadi zekhulu lama-20. Ngezansi uzothola ezinye zezizathu ezenza waduma kangaka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe nangemva kokufa kwakhe, ngenxa yamazwi awabhala. ukuzwela okukhulu ezenza amazwi abo afinyelele enhliziyweni yakho ngqo. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala eneminyaka eyi-13, okubonisa ukuthi wayenesiphiwo esikhethekile kusukela ebuntwaneni; empeleni, umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala osemthethweni kwakuwukubhala isihloko sephephandaba lendawo.
Umsebenzi kaPablo Neruda kanye nefa lakhe lezincwadi
Impilo kaNeruda yayiphawuleka ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo. Ngemva kokuthuthela eTemuco, lapho aqeda khona imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi, waqala ukubhala izinkondlo ngaphansi kwe- igama elingelona iqiniso likaPablo NerudaYaqanjwa ngokuhlonipha imbongi yaseCzech uJan Neruda, igama elavunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kamuva. Isisusa sayo sokuqala savela... Gabriela Mistral, owayeqondisa iSikole Samabanga Aphezulu Samantombazane saseTemuco ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngo-1923 washicilela "Ubusuku"Ngesikhathi ephila impilo yobu-bohemian eSantiago, udumo lwakhe lwafika ngo-1924 ngokushicilelwa kwencwadi ethi "Izinkondlo ezingamashumi amabili zothando nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba"umsebenzi osalokhu ungenye yezincwadi zezinkondlo ezifundwa kakhulu emlandweni. Isitayela sakhe sashintsha kusukela ku- i-modernism maqondana nezinhlobo ze-avant-garde, ezithonywe yi- Umbono kaVicente Huidobro ngokudala.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, uNeruda wahlola izinhlobo nezitayela ezahlukahlukene: kusukela ku- ukuziphendulela kanye nezincwadi ezidumile zomlando, izimemezelo zezombusazwe, kanye nezincwadi zomlando wakhe. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ephawulekayo kukhona "Ingoma evamile""Izindaba Ezibalulekile," "Indawo Yokuhlala Emhlabeni," kanye "neSpain Enhliziyweni Yami." Ikhono lakhe lokukhuluma ngebanga, ukungabikho, kanye nesifiso kwamenza waba imbongi yothando ngokwenza kahle.
Izingcaphuno ezingama-37 zikaPablo Neruda ngothando, injabulo nokuphila
Izinkondlo zikaNeruda azigcini nje ngokuba zobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi umzwelo omsulwaAmavesi akhe asebenza njengesibuko lapho umfundi angathola khona injabulo nosizi lwakhe. Ngezansi, sethula ukukhetha kokuqala okwandisiwe ngokuzindla okujulile emgqeni ngamunye.
- Ngifuna ukwenza ngawe ukuthi intwasahlobo yenzani ngezihlahla zama-cherry. (Isifaniso mayelana nokuvuselelwa, intshisekelo, kanye nokuqhakaza kwesifiso kubantu ababili).
- Ngokuqabula, uzokwazi konke ngathula. (Kumelela ukwanga njengolimi oluphelele, olukwazi ukukhuluma lokho amagama angenakukuveza).
- Kumagazini wami olandelayo ngidinga ukuthi ungiqabule futhi ngizokwenza imilingo iveze izimvemvane esiswini sakho. (Uthando lubonwa njengesenzo somlingo esidlula izinzwa).
- Uthando lufushane kakhulu futhi ukukhohlwa yinde kakhulu. (Ukuzindla okubuhlungu ngobufushane bentshisekelo ngokumelene nokuphikelela kwaphakade kwenkumbulo).
- Isifuba sakho sanele inhliziyo yami, izimpiko zami zanele inkululeko yakho. (Ukulinganisela okuphelele phakathi kokuzinikela kothando kanye nenhlonipho yenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye).
- Bazokwazi ukusika zonke izimbali, kepha ngeke bakwazi ukumisa intwasahlobo. (Uphawu lwethemba nokuqina; ubuhle nenkululeko kuhlala kuzalwa kabusha).
- Ngiyakuthanda uma uthule ngoba ungekho futhi ungizwa ukude, nezwi lami alikuthinti. Kubukeka sengathi amehlo akho asendizile futhi kubonakala sengathi ukuqabula kuvale umlomo wakho. (Ukuzindla ngomuntu othandekayo ekuthuleni kwabo okujulile).
- Akuvunyelwe ukumamatheka ngezinkinga, hhayi ukulwela okufunayo, ukushiya konke ngenxa yokwesaba, hhayi ukufeza amaphupho akho. (Ifilosofi yokuphila esekelwe ekuziboneni kanye nesibindi).
- Ingane engadlali ayisiyo ingane, kepha indoda engadlaliyo ilahlekelwe unomphela ingane ebihlala kuyo futhi izoyikhumbula kakhulu. (Dlala njengomongo wokudala kanye nenjabulo ebalulekile okungafanele ife ngokuguga).
- Ngabe lowo ohlale elindile uhlupheka kakhulu kunalowo ongazange alinde muntu? (Umbuzo mayelana nokuthembela ngokomzwelo kanye nesizungu).
- Ngibhekile, ngilalele, nengxenye yomphefumulo wami isolwandle nengxenye yomphefumulo wami emhlabeni, futhi ngezingxenye ezimbili zomphefumulo wami ngibheka umhlaba. (Ububili bembongi ezizwa iyingxenye yayo yonke imvelo).
- Noma ngubani ogwema inkanuko ufa kancane. Nesivunguvungu sakhe semizwa. (Isixwayiso mayelana nokunganaki kanye nokubaluleka kokuphila impilo ejulile).
- Uthando luzalwa ngememori, luphila ngobuhlakani futhi lufa ngokukhohlwa.
(Umjikelezo wokuphila wothando lothando).
- Izinyembezi ezingakhaliwe, ingabe zilinda emachibini amancane? Noma ingabe zizoba yimifula engabonakali egijimela osizini? (Ukudabuka kobuhlungu obucindezelwe obugeleza ngaphakathi).
- I-butterfly yephupho, ufana nomphefumulo wami, futhi ufana negama elithi melancholy. (Ubuthaka bomoya womuntu uma buqhathaniswa nokungapheleli kwephupho).
- Injabulo ingaphakathi, hhayi ngaphandle; ngakho-ke, akuxhomekile kulokho esinakho, kodwa kulokho esiyikho. (Isifundo ngokwaneliseka kwangempela komuntu).
- Ngiyakuthanda ngingazi ukuthi kanjani, noma nini, noma kuphi, ngikuthanda ngqo ngaphandle kwezinkinga noma ukuziqhenya: yindlela engikuthanda ngayo ngoba angazi ukuthanda nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. (Ukuzinikela okuphelele nokuqotho, ngaphandle kwemibandela).
- Ungenzi ngothando okwenziwa ingane ngebhaluni lakhe alinaki uma enalo nokuthi uma elahlekile ikhala nini. (Ubizo lokwazisa abantu ngenkathi bekhona ezimpilweni zethu).
- Ngolunye usuku noma kuphi, kunoma iyiphi indawo nakanjani uzozithola, futhi lokho, kuphela lokho, kungaba okujabulisa kakhulu noma okumunyu kunakho konke emahoreni akho. (Ukuhlangana okungenakugwenywa neqiniso lomuntu kanye nobunikazi bakhe).
- Kungani lonke uthando luzokuza kimi ngasikhathi sinye lapho ngizizwa ngidabukile, futhi ngizwa sengathi ukude. (Indida yokuzwa ukuqina kothando ngesikhathi sokungabi nalutho).
- Uthando, zingaki izindlela zokufinyelela ekuqabuleni, bunjani isizungu esizulazulayo enkampanini yakho! (Uhambo olude olungokomzwelo olwandulela ukuhlangana kothando).
- Bangibuza ukuthi yikuphi okungokwesiprofetho kimi, nge-melancholy kanye nokungqongqoza kwezinto ezibiza ngaphandle kokuphendulwa kukhona, nokunyakaza ngaphandle kokuphefumula, negama elididekile. (Umzabalazo womculi nodumo lwakhe kanye nobunzima bamazwi akhe).
- Ukukhathazeka komshayeli wendiza, ukufutheka komshayeli ongaboni, ukudakwa kothando okunamafu, konke okukuwe kuphukelwe umkhumbi! (Isifiso sibhekwa njengamandla abhubhisayo nanqobayo).
- Unqunu ulula njengesinye sezandla zakho, ubushelelezi, umhlaba, ubuncane, uyindilinga, ubala, unezintambo zenyanga, izindlela zama-apula. (Ukugubha ubuhle bemvelo kanye nobulula bomzimba othandekayo).
- Ngiyazithanda izinyawo zakho ngoba bahamba emhlabeni nasemoyeni nasemanzini, baze bangithola. (Isiphetho njengamandla aqondisa izinyathelo zabantu ababili ukuya emhlanganweni wabo).
- Njengokungathi uzomsondeza, amehlo ami ayamfuna. Inhliziyo yami iyamfuna, futhi akanami. (Ukungabi nalutho nokulangazelela okushiywe othandekayo lapho engekho).
- Ngingabhala amavesi adabukisa kakhulu kulobubusuku; bhala, isibonelo: Ubusuku bugcwele izinkanyezi, futhi izinkanyezi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyaqhaqhazela kude. (Ukuqala kwenkondlo evelele kakhulu mayelana nokuphuka kwenhliziyo nokulahlekelwa).
- Angikuthandi njengokungathi uyi-rose kasawoti, i-topazi, noma umcibisholo we-carnations osakaza umlilo. Ngiyakuthanda njengoba izinto ezithile ezimnyama zenzelwe ukuthandwa, ngasese, phakathi kwethunzi nomphefumulo. (Uthando olujulile, oluyimfihlakalo nolufihliwe, olukude kakhulu nokukhuluma okungasho lutho).
- Imbewu igxuma ivela yonke indawo, yonke imibono iyindida, silindele ushintsho olukhulu nsuku zonke, siphila ngomdlandla ukuguqulwa kokuhleleka komuntu. (Ukholo ekuziphendukeleni komphakathi kanye nokuguqulwa komuntu).
- Uthando alubonakali, luyazwakala, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu lapho luseduze kwakho.
(Ukubaluleka kokuqonda kanye nomuzwa kunokubona).
- Lowo ongahambi, ongafundi, ongalaleli umculo, ongatholi ukukhanga ngaphakathi kuye, ufa kancane kancane. Lowo ochitha ukuzethemba kwakhe, ongavumeli usizo, ufa kancane kancane. (I-manifesto yokulwa nokungathandi izinto kanye nokuzilimaza ngokomzwelo).
- Ngokungazelelwe ngenkathi uhamba nami ngakuthinta futhi impilo yami yama: phambi kwamehlo ami wawubusa, futhi ungamakhosikazi. Njengomlilo wequbula ehlathini, umlilo ungumbuso wakho. (Umzuzu oqondile lapho uthando lumisa isikhathi futhi lube yisikhungo sendawo yonke).
- Akukho okuthakazelisa njengamehlo. Usuvele ubheka emehlweni omunye umuntu? Okomuntu othandwayo nongathandwa. Okomngani nokwazana. Umphathi nesisebenza naye. Eyengane nekhehla ... (Ukubuka njengefasitela eliqotho kakhulu lomphefumulo womuntu).
- Ngikhulele kulo muzi, izinkondlo zami zazalelwa phakathi kwegquma nomfula, kwathatha izwi lemvula, futhi njengokhuni, kuyazicwilisa emahlathini. (Ukuxhumana okungaphakathi phakathi kwendawo yaseChile kanye nokudalwa kwezinkondlo).
- Uma bengibuza ukuthi ziyini izinkondlo zami, kufanele ngibatshele ukuthi angazi; kepha uma ubuza inkondlo yami, uzokutshela ukuthi ngingubani (Umsebenzi njengokubonakaliswa kwangempela kobunikazi bombhali).
- Uma kungekho lutho olusisindisa ekufeni, ngaphandle kokuthi uthando lusisindise empilweni. (Uthando luyisiphephelo nenduduzo lapho ubhekene nosizi lokuphila).
Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile: Umbono KaNeruda Wothando Nokuba Khona
Ukuze siqonde ubukhulu bukaPablo Neruda, kumele sihlaziye indlela amavesi akhe akhuluma ngayo ngobunzima benhliziyo yomuntu. Enkondlweni yakhe yothando, uNeruda akagcini nje ngokuchaza ukuthandana, kodwa futhi uhlola ibanga, the ukuthula kanye nokuba khona okuhlala lapho kungekho khona.
Uthando njengeSiphetho kanye nokuhlangana
KuNeruda, uthando aluyona ingozi, kodwa luyinto eyenzeka ngengozi. Camino. Imisho efana "Ngiyazithanda izinyawo zakho ngoba zahamba emhlabeni... zaze zangithola." Basikisela ukuthi konke emvelweni nasesikhathini kuhlanganisa izidalwa ezimbili. Uthando lubonakala njengothando isimangaliso sokutholwalapho izinyathelo ezilahlekile ekugcineni ziba nengqondo lapho zifika kwenye.
Ubuningi Besifiso Nobuhlungu
Imbongi yayazi ukuthi inkanuko ayinakuhlukaniswa nobuhlungu. Isisho esidumile "Uthando lufushane kakhulu, ukukhohlwa kude kakhulu." ifingqa i imvelo yenjabulo edlulayo Njengoba inkumbulo iqhubeka, iNeruda iguqula ukudabuka kube ubuhle, isifundisa ukuthi ubuhlungu buvame ukuba umthombo lapho izinkondlo ezimsulwa zizalwa khona.
Uthando, Inkululeko, kanye Nokuhlukaniswa
Ngokungafani nemibono yothando enobugovu, uNeruda waphakamisa umqondo wesibopho esingenamaketanga. Ngalo musho ophikisanayo "Ukuze kungabikho lutho olusihlukanisayo, kungabikho lutho olusihlanganisayo," kusimema ukuba sicabange ukuzimela njengendlela yothandookuphakamisa ukuthi uthando olumsulwa yilolo olungabophi, kodwa olukhululayo.
Ukuzwela kanye "Nobuhlanya" Bomculi
UNeruda wayeqonda ukuthi ukuzwela ngokweqile kuyisipho futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, kuyisiqalekiso. Lapho esho lokho "Kukhona injabulo ethile ebuhlanya, eyaziwa ngumuntu ohlanya kuphela."Kuqinisekisa umbono womculi kanye nomphuphi, labo ababona umhlaba ngemizwa enamandla abanye abangase bayibize ngokuthi ayinangqondo.
Ezinye Izingcaphuno Ezibalulekile Nokuzindla
Ngaphezu kwamavesi akhe adumile kakhulu, uNeruda washiya imicabango esisiza siphile impilo yansuku zonke kanye nokufuna ubuwena:
- Ngokuphathelene nobunikazi: "Ngolunye usuku, ndawana thize, nakanjani uzozithola."Kusikhumbuza ukuthi uhambo olubaluleke kakhulu yilolo lokuzihlolisisa, noma ngabe umphumela ungaba injabulo noma usizi.
- Ngokuphathelene namahloni: Wachaza amahloni njengesimo esingajwayelekile enhliziyweni, isici esivame ukuholela... isizungu.
- Mayelana nendawo oya kuyo: Wathi lokho "Akukho okunye okuzayo ngaphandle kwalokhu esizozizakhela kona ngokuzimisela nangokuzikhandla.", sikhuthaza umbono wokuthi singabakhi bezimpilo zethu.
- Ngokuphathelene nobulungiswa bezenhlalo: Uhlangothi lwakhe lwezepolitiki lungafingqwa ngesifiso sakhe sokuba idolobha lokukhanya, ubulungiswa kanye nesithunzi kubo bonke abantu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngale ndlela kuphela izinkondlo ngeke zihlatshelelwe ize.
- Ngethemba: "Akukho busuku obumnyama kangaka obungenalo ngisho nenhlansi yokukhanya enhliziyweni yabo.", umfanekiso onamandla mayelana nokuphikelela kwethemba ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu.
Umsebenzi kaNeruda uwubufakazi bekhono lomuntu lokuzizwa. Kusukela ku- inkanuko evuthayo Kusukela ezinkondlweni zakhe ezivusa inkanuko kuya osizini olukhulu lwezincwadi zakhe zobuciko, imbongi yaseChile yabamba umongo walokho okushiwo ukuphila. Amazwi ayo ayaqhubeka nokuhamba emhlabeni wonke, ekhuthaza izizukulwane ezintsha futhi esikhumbuza ukuthi funda izinkondlo Empeleni, kuyindlela yokufunda ukuthanda nokuqonda ubunzima bomphefumulo womuntu.