Idolobha laseCáceres liziguqula libe yizinsuku ezintathu isiqalo sikazwelonke sokuzindla kokuziphatha kanye nokwe-deontological Kwezokwelapha. Kusukela mhla ziyi-16 kuya ku-18 kuMbasa, iSan Francisco Cultural Complex ibamba i-XI National Congress of Medical Ethics and Deontology, umcimbi ozohlanganisa ochwepheshe abangaphezu kuka-180 abavela kulo lonke elaseSpain.
Lo mhlangano usuqala ukusungulwa njengo Iforamu ehamba phambili yokuxoxa ngalesi sikhathi nekusasa lomsebenzi wezokwelapha Ngokombono wokuziphatha, i-deontology, kanye ne-bioethics, odokotela, abameli, kanye nochwepheshe abavela kochwepheshe abahlukene bazohlangana ukuze bahlaziye ngokuthula nangenhlonipho izinkinga ezibangelwa umkhuba wezokwelapha esimweni sezinguquko zomphakathi, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezomthetho.
Umhlangano obalulekile wezimiso zokuziphatha kwezokwelapha eSpain
I-11th National Congress of Medical Ethics and Deontology izobanjelwa e- I-San Francisco Cultural Complex yaseCáceresLe ndawo izoba yindawo yokuhlangana kochwepheshe bezokwelapha baseSpain izinsuku ezintathu. Lo mcimbi uhlelwe ngaphansi kwe-Spanish Medical Association kanye ne-General Council of Official Medical Associations (CGCOM), ngokubandakanyeka ngqo kwe-Cáceres Medical Association.
Lolu hlelo kulindeleke ukuthi luhlanganise ukubamba iqhaza kwe abangaphezu kuka-180 ababekhonaLo mcimbi uzohlanganisa ababekhona engqungqutheleni, izikhulumi, kanye nabaqondisi abavela kulo lonke izwe. Ukuba khona kodokotela abavela kochwepheshe abahlukahlukene, ochwepheshe bezomthetho, kanye nochwepheshe be-bioethic kuzovumela indlela ehlukahlukene yezihloko, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapho kuxoxwa ngokuziphatha okusetshenziswa emisebenzini yezokwelapha.
Ukwethulwa okusemthethweni kwengqungquthela kwenzeke e- indlunkulu yeKolishi Lodokotela baseCáceres, esithangamini sabezindaba lapho umongameli weCGCOM, uTomás Cobo; umongameli weKholeji Lodokotela baseCáceres, u-Evelio Robles; umongameli weKhomishini Yezimiso Zokuziphatha kanye Nezokwelashwa Kwezokwelapha ze-OMC, u-José María Domínguez; kanye nomongameli weKhomishini Yezimiso Zokuziphatha kanye neDeontology yasekolishi laseCáceres uqobo, uJosé María Montero, wangenela.
KuKolishi Lodokotela baseCáceres, ukusingatha lo mhlangano kusho ukuqashelwa okucacile kokuzibophezela kwabo ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha okuhle ezisekela lo msebenzi. Njengoba u-Evelio Robles egcizelele, idolobha lizoba “inhloko-dolobha kazwelonke yezimiso zokuziphatha kwezokwelapha kanye ne-deontology” kulezi zinsuku, linikeze indawo ebanzi yengxoxo, enamazwi ahlukahlukene kanye nezindlela ezihambisanayo.
Ukuziphatha njengensika yokusebenza kobungcweti
Omunye wemiyalezo ephindaphindwa kakhulu ngabahleli ukuthi Ukuziphatha akusikho ukucabanga kwakamuva kwezokwelaphakodwa kunalokho kuyisimo esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo okufanele. Kokubili iKomidi Eliphakathi Lokuziphatha le-CGCOM kanye namakomidi asekolishi bagcizelela ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesisekelo esiqinile sokuziphatha, ezokwelapha zisengozini yokwehliswa zibe yisayensi yobuchwepheshe nje.
Umongameli we-CGCOM, uTomás Cobo, ukhumbuze wonke umuntu ukuthi umsebenzi wezokwelapha ulawulwa yi Ikhodi Yokuziphatha Kwezokwelapha esungula izibopho ezibalulekileUbumfihlo, ubudlelwano phakathi kukadokotela nesiguli obusekelwe enhloniphweni, ukufaneleka kanye nokwethembana, imfundo eqhubekayo, ikhono lobuchwepheshe, ucwaningo olunezimiso zokuziphatha noluzimele kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele nokunomthwalo wemfanelo kwezinsiza ezilinganiselwe ngempela.
Lezi zibopho ze-deontology yizona ezisekela Iziguli zithembela ngokuphelele kodokotela.Lokhu kuthembana akugcini nje ekulandeleni umthetho, kodwa kudinga iziqinisekiso ezengeziwe ezinikezwa ukuzilawula kochwepheshe. Ngale ndlela, ukuziphatha kochwepheshe kusebenza njengomgogodla we-General Medical Council futhi njengethuluzi lokuqinisa ukwethembeka kochwepheshe emehlweni omphakathi.
IKhomishini Yezokuziphatha Nezokwelashwa Kwezifo Zezokwelapha igcizelela ukuthi umkhuba wezokwelapha udinga ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe nezindinganiso nezimo zesiguli ngasinyeAkwanele ukwazi ukuthi yini engenziwa ngokombono wobuchwepheshe; kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi yini ezuzisa ngempela umuntu, kucatshangelwa umongo wempilo yakhe, izinkolelo zakhe, kanye nesimo sakhe senhlalo.
Uhlelo lwesayensi olugxile ezinkingeni ezinkulu zesikhathi sethu
I-11th National Congress of Medical Ethics and Deontology yethula uhlelo lwesayensi lwe ukubaluleka okuphezulu kanye nobubanzi obuphawulekayo besihlokoIngqungquthela ihlelwe ngamatafula amahlanu okuxoxa, izinkulumo ezimbili ezibalulekile, kanye nezethulo zomlomo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Inhloso yayo ukubhekana, ngokuqinile nangokujulile, nezinselele zokuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezibhekene nezokwelapha zanamuhla.
Ingqungquthela yokuvula izonikezelwa ku- ukwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza ngokombono wezomthethoUkuhlaziya ukuhlangana phakathi kwezibopho zobungcweti, amalungelo odokotela ngabanye, kanye nezidingo zeziguli ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezomthetho oluhlala lushintsha. Lesi sihloko sibucayi kakhulu ezindabeni ezifana ne-euthanasia noma... ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa ngokuzithandela, kuzoba ngesinye sezihloko eziyinhloko zengxoxo engqungqutheleni.
Elinye lamaphaneli aphakathi lizokhuluma ngendima udokotela obhekene nokuhlupheka komphakathingokunaka kakhulu ubumpofu, ukufuduka kanye izimo zokuba sengoziniIngxoxo izogxila emsebenzini wokungalahli iziguli, ukugxeka ukungabi nabulungisa kwesakhiwo, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womsebenzi ezimweni lapho ezokwelapha zihlangana khona nokubandlululwa komphakathi kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza.
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa nezikhathi ezinikezelwe ku- amalungelo eziguli okuthola ulwaziIlungelo lokukhohlwa, imvume enolwazi, iziqondiso kusengaphambili, kanye nokufinyelela kumarekhodi ezokwelapha. Endaweni ekhula ngokwedijithali, ukuphathwa kolwazi lwezempilo okunesibopho kanye nokuvikelwa kobumfihlo sekuyizindaba ezibalulekile.
Emkhakheni wokunakekelwa kokuphela kokuphila, izici ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo zizohlaziywa: Ukunikela ngemva kokufa kwegazi, amalungelo abantu asebekhulile kanye nokulingana okunzima phakathi kokuzimela kwesiguli kanye nokuvimbela ukuzibulala. Lezi yizimo eziphoqa ochwepheshe ukuba benze izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho izindinganiso, imizwa, izinhlaka zomthetho, kanye nemingcele yezokwelapha kuhlangana khona.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kochwepheshe, imfihlo yobungcweti kanye nezinselele zesikhathi sedijithali
Ngaphandle kobudlelwano neziguli, ingqungquthela inikela isikhala esithile ku- ubudlelwano phakathi kodokotela ngokwabo kanye nenhlangano yangaphakathi yalo msebenziIngxoxo izohlanganisa imfundo eqhubekayo njengesibopho sokuziphatha, indlela yokusebenzelana nozakwethu abangase babe nokugula kwengqondo, kanye nezinkinga ezibhekene nodokotela abahlala khona (ama-MIR), ngokuvamile ezimweni zokucindezeleka okukhulu kwezempilo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ekhulayo.
Elinye ibhulokhi elinesihloko lizogxila ku- Imfihlo yobungcweti kanye nemingcele yayo esemthethweniUkuhlaziya ukuthi ulwazi lwezokwelapha lungabiwa nini futhi kanjani, yiziphi izinto ezivunyelwe yimithethonqubo, nokuthi yiziphi izindima ezidlalwa yizinto zokuziphatha ezimweni eziphakamisa ukungabaza. Ukuhlonipha imfihlo kusalokhu kuyisici esibalulekile kulo msebenzi, kodwa amaqiniso amanje aveza izimo ezintsha ezidinga isiqondiso esicacile.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kodokotela nesiguli nakho kuzohlaziywa, kugxilwe kakhulu ukudluliswa kwezindaba ezimbi, uzwela, kanye nokucaca kolwaziNgesikhathi lapho ulwazi lwezempilo lujikeleza ngezindlela eziningi, ochwepheshe kumele bangaphathi ulwazi lwesayensi kuphela, kodwa futhi namakhono okuxhumana abavumela ukuthi balondoloze ubuhlobo obuzinzile bokwethembana.
Izinselele ze iminyaka yedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhulayo bezokwelapha Zigcwele ingxenye enkulu yohlelo. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwamarekhodi ezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi obuchwepheshe ku ukubonisana kwezokwelapha ku-inthanethi Ukutholakala okukhulu kwedatha kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nobumfihlo, ukuzibophezela, kanye nokubandlulula okungenzeka. Ingqungquthela ihlose ukunikeza izindlela zokusiza ukuphatha lezi zinguquko ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono wobukhulu bokunakekelwa kwempilo kwabantu.
Kulesi simo, kuzoxoxwa ngalokhu okulandelayo: ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kwezemidlalo Ngokombono wokuziphatha, okhuluma ngokuvikelwa kwempilo yabadlali kanye nobuqotho bomncintiswano, indima yodokotela izohlaziywa maqondana nemikhuba engababeka engqubuzana phakathi kwezingcindezi zangaphandle, izintshisekelo zomnotho, kanye nesibopho sabo sokuvikela inhlalakahle yesiguli.
Izingxoxo eziyinkimbinkimbi: ukubulala, ukukhipha isisu, kanye nokwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza
Phakathi kwezindaba okulindeleke ukuthi zidale impikiswano eshubile kukhona izinkinga ezihlobene nokuphela kokuphila kanye nempilo yokuzalaikakhulukazi ukubulawa kwabantu kanye nokukhipha isisu. Lezi yizindawo lapho umthetho wamanje, izimiso zokuziphatha zomsebenzi, kanye nezinkolelo zomuntu siqu zeziguli nochwepheshe kuhlangana khona.
Abahleli bengqungquthela bagcizelela ukuthi Uhlaka lwezomthetho kumele luhlonishweKodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza kuyithuluzi elisemthethweni lapho uchwepheshe ebhekene nokungqubuzana okukhulu kokuziphatha. Lo mqondo awuvezwa njengezaba ezivamile, kodwa njengomthombo owenzelwe izimo ezithile lapho udokotela ekholelwa ukuthi isenzo esithile sephula kakhulu izimiso zabo.
Izikhulu zasekolishi zigcizelela ukuthi lezi zinqumo azilula neze. Kunalokho, zihilela ukulinganisela okubucayi phakathi kwamalungelo eziguli kanye nobudlelwano bokwethembana kanye nezindinganiso zochwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, lapho ubuhlobo phakathi kukadokotela nesiguli bakheka khona eminyakeni edlule, ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga kungaba nzima ngokomzwelo.
Ingqungquthela izophinde ihlaziye ukuthi lezi zinkinga zisingathwa kanjani emazweni ahlukene aseYurophu, njengoba uhlaka lwezomthetho luyahlukahluka phakathi kwezifundazwe Nakuba izimiso ze-deontology zivame ukuhlala zizinzile, lokhu kungezwani phakathi kokuziphatha nomthetho, phakathi kwemithetho ejwayelekile namacala athile, kuzoba ngenye yezindikimba eziyinhloko zezingxoxo eziningana zephaneli.
Inhloso akuyona ukunikeza izimpendulo eziqondile kuzo zonke izimo, kodwa nikeza izindlela zokuhlola kanye nezinhlaka zokuzindla ezisiza ochwepheshe ukuba babhekane nezimo ezibalulekile kakhulu zokuziphatha. Ukuziphatha kuqondwa lapha njengesiqondiso esiwusizo sokwenza izinqumo, hhayi njengenkulumo nje yemfundiso engahlobene nomkhuba wezokwelapha.
Amalungelo abantu, ukuhlushwa kanye nobukhulu bamazwe ngamazwe
Ingqungquthela izophetha ngengqungquthela egxile ku- Ucwaningo kanye nemibhalo yokuhlukunyezwa nokuphathwa kabi esikhathini sedijithaliLe nkulumo, enikezwe ochwepheshe abanolwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe, izoxhumanisa umkhuba wezokwelapha nokuvikela amalungelo abantu ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu.
Indima yochwepheshe bezempilo ku- ukuhlonza nokurekhoda izimo ezingaba khona zobudlovakanye nokubaluleka kokuba nezinqubo eziqinile namathuluzi obuchwepheshe afanele. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali nakho kunomthelela kule ndawo, kokubili ekuqoqweni kobufakazi kanye nasekuvikelweni kolwazi oluqoqiwe.
Lo mbono wamazwe ngamazwe ugcizelela ukuthi ukuziphatha kwezokwelapha akugcini nje ekamelweni lokubonisana noma esibhedlela, kodwa imiphumela ebanzi emkhakheni wezenhlalo kanye nezepolitikiUchwepheshe wezokwelapha ungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ukwephulwa okubonakalayo kwamalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nokuvikela abantu ezimweni zobuthakathaka obukhethekile.
Ukufakwa kwalokhu okuqukethwe ohlelweni lwe-XI National Congress of Ethics and Medical Deontology kukhombisa umbono obanzi wokuzibophezela kobungcweti, okudlulela ngale kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuphela ukuze kufakwe umthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini kanye nendawo lapho kwenziwa khona ukwelashwa.
Sekukonke, ukubanjwa kwale ngqungquthela eCáceres kuqinisekisa ukuzibophezela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha baseSpain ukubukeza izimiso zabo zokuziphatha njalo futhi bazivumelanise nezimo ezintsha futhi kuqiniswe isibopho sokwethembana nomphakathi. Izinsuku ezintathu, izingxoxo, izethulo, kanye nokuxhumana ngomlomo kuzozama ukukhanyisa izinkinga ezizungeze umkhuba wamanje wezokwelapha, kuhlale kukhunjulwa ukuthi ngaphandle kokuziphatha, ezokwelapha zilahlekelwa ubukhulu bazo obukhulu bobuntu.
