Ukucindezeleka sekungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zesikhathi sethu. Akuseyona nje leyo mizwa edlulayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa noma inhlolokhono; ezigidini zabantu, ukucindezeleka sekuyinto engapheli futhi engabonakali, kuthinta kokubili umzimba nengqondo. ESpain, isimo sikhathaza kakhulu: ukushisa okukhulu, ingcindezi yomsebenzi, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zenhlalo kudala isiphepho esiphelele esithinta ngqo impilo yethu.
Kusukela emagagasini okushisa ahlasela izwe njalo ehlobo kuya emiphumeleni yokucindezeleka kwasebuntwaneni okubonakala emashumini eminyaka kamuva, ubufakazi besayensi buyathandeka. Ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside akugcini nje ngokusenza sizizwe kabi, kodwa kuguqula ubuchopho bethu futhi kusenze sibe sengozini enkulu yokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ngisho nezifo ezingathi sÃna zomzimba. Kodwa kukhona nethemba: isayensi ithola izindlela ezithile ezingawubuyisela emuva lo monakalo.
Ukushisa okukhulu: ingozi yomsebenzi esingenakuyishaya indiva
Leli hlobo liphinde lashisa kakhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwiNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (INSST) kanye neSpanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), izingozi zasemsebenzini zanda ngo-17,4% ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu . Futhi ngesizathu esihle: 26% wezisebenzi eSpain (ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5,5) zibika ukuthi ziye zabhekana nokushisa okukhulu, kungaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, 17% wabantu abasebenzayo (cishe izisebenzi eziyizigidi ezingu-3,8) benza imisebenzi yabo ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga enamandla, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso saseYurophu esingu-12%.
Izinkampani zinezibopho ezicacile ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuvimbela Ingozi Yomsebenzi kanye noMthetho Wezomthetho Wasebukhosini 4/2023. Lapho i-Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) ikhipha izexwayiso eziphuzi noma ezibomvu, akuvunyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi samahora ayingozi kakhulu . Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukushintsha amashejuli, ukunciphisa amahora okusebenza, noma ngisho nokumisa ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izinyunyana zibika ukuthi izinkampani eziningi eSpain naseYurophu azikashintshi izinqubo zazo ukuze zibhekane nokucindezeleka emsebenzini.
Yile ndlela ukucindezeleka okungapheli okulimaza ngayo ubuchopho bethu
Enye yezinto ezivezwe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ivela ku-neuroscience. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i -Brain Medicine lubonise ukuthi ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside kuvimbela ikhono lethu lemvelo lokuzola ingqondo, futhi imbangela yi-somatostatin , i-neurotransmitter esebenza njengohlobo lwe-brain brake. Lapho amazinga e-somatostatin ehla, izifunda zobuchopho ziba nokusebenza ngokweqile, okuchaza ukuthi kungani kuvela ukwesaba okukhulu, ukuntuleka kwesisusa, kanye nengozi yokucindezeleka.
Kodwa ukucindezeleka akuthinti abantu abadala kuphela. Abacwaningi e-University of Washington nasePrinceton bathole ukuthi ukucindezeleka okwenzeka ebuntwaneni kushiya 'isilonda semvelo' ebuchosheni , kushintsha isakhiwo se-DNA futhi kwandise ubuthakathaka bokukhathazeka eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. I-enzyme i-SETD7 iyona ebangela lokhu, futhi ososayensi bakwazile ukukuvimba emagundwini, bavimbele imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Lokhu kutholwa kuvula umnyango wezindlela zokwelapha zesikhathi esizayo zokuvimbela imiphumela yokucindezeleka ebuchosheni.
Ingcindezi engabonakali yokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye nezemidlalo
Ukucindezeleka kuyangena nasezemidlalo. UTom Craggs, umqeqeshi osebenza kahle kakhulu kwiBritish Athletics, ubelokhu eqeqesha abagijimi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 futhi uthi "umsindo" wanamuhla (ama-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, izindaba zamahora angu-24) uthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwezemidlalo . Umzimba awuhlukanisi phakathi kokucindezeleka kokuqeqeshwa nokucindezeleka kwansuku zonke, futhi kokubili kunegalelo emsebenzini womsebenzi wonke. Lapho abagijimi befika ekuqeqeshweni sebekhathele ngokwengqondo kakade, iseshini okufanele iphathwe iba nzima kakhulu.
Ukukhathala kwengqondo kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwezemidlalo yokukhuthazela, ngokusho kocwaningo lukasosayensi uSamuel Marcora. Izinsuku zomsebenzi ezicindezelayo noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo kungenza ukugijima kube nzima . Isixazululo akukhona ukuqeqesha okwengeziwe, kodwa ukuphatha ukucindezeleka kangcono: ukudala izindawo zokululama kwengqondo, ukunciphisa ukwenza izinqumo ezingadingekile, nokukhetha ulwazi esilusebenzisayo.
Ikhofi: umngane noma isitha?
Phakathi kwalesi simo, kunezindaba ezinhle: ikhofi, uma iphuzwa ngokulinganisela, ingaba umngane. Ucwaningo olukhulu olusebenzisa idatha evela kumasampula angu-460.000 avela e-UK Biobank luveze ukuthi ukuphuza izinkomishi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zekhofi ngosuku kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwesibalo sokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo nokucindezeleka . Futhi akunandaba ukuthi yenziwe kumshini wekhofi wendabuko, osheshayo, noma ongenayo i-decaf: umphumela wokuvikela usebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
Ososayensi bakhomba izindlela ezimbili: ukuguqulwa kokuvuvukala (ngenxa yama-antioxidants nama-polyphenols ekhofini) kanye nomphumela walo wokuguqula imizwa ku-serotonin kanye ne-dopamine. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi ukuphuza ikhofi ngokweqile kungaba nomphumela ophambene , okwandise ukukhathazeka nokungalali. Njengoba kunjalo cishe njalo, ukulinganisela kubalulekile. Futhi, yize ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ikhofi ingaba wusizo, akusikho isincomo sokuqala ukuyiphuza uma ungeyena umthengi ojwayelekile.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sivikele impilo yethu yengqondo?
Ubufakazi besayensi bucacile: ukucindezeleka okungapheli kuyasigulisa, kodwa futhi sinamathuluzi okulwa nakho. Ukuhlela, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka olwazini olungadingekile, kanye nokusungula imikhuba yokululama kwengqondo kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo , njengoba kuboniswa yizindaba zempumelelo emhlabeni wezemidlalo kanye nebhizinisi.
Emsebenzini, izinyunyana zifuna izinyathelo eziqondile: ukuvinjelwa okuzenzakalelayo komsebenzi wangaphandle ngesikhathi sezexwayiso eziphuzi noma ezibomvu, ukuqinisa ilungelo lokuphazamisa umsebenzi, kanye nokudalwa kwesikhundla sommeli wezemvelo. Ukuvimbela kuyindlela kuphela yokuvimba ukucindezeleka kokushisa kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo ekubeni ubhubhane oluthule oluqhubeka nokubulala izimpilo futhi lunciphise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwezigidi zabantu.
Ngamafuphi, ukucindezeleka kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi edinga indlela ehlukahlukene. Isayensi iyathuthuka, kodwa ikhambi alikho ema-laboratories kuphela: lisezinqumweni zethu zansuku zonke, endleleni esizihlela ngayo, endleleni esizinakekela ngayo, nangendlela esifuna ngayo ukuthi izinkampani nohulumeni bathathe isinyathelo sangempela . Ngoba, njengoba izifundo zibonisa, ukucindezeleka akusona isimo sengqondo esidlulayo, kodwa isimo esingasiphawula phakade uma singenzi lutho ngesikhathi.
