Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkundla zokuxhumana sezigcwele izinselele, ukudla okungavamile, kanye namaqhinga okuthi impilo enhle, ngaphansi kwesicabha sokuphila impilo enempilo nokuzinakekela , afihla amaphethini afana kakhulu nalawo atholakala ezinkundleni zakudala ze-pro-anorexia kanye ne-bulimia ezihlobene nezinkinga zokudla . Lokho okwakuboniswa ngokucacile emakhasini afana ne-"Ana and Mia" manje sekufihlwe njengamakhosazana, izihlungi ezimibalabala, ama-hashtag ashukumisayo, kanye nemiyalezo yokuzithiba.
Lesi simo siya ngokuya sikhathaza ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo kanye nokudla okunempilo ngoba senza kube lula ukuziphatha okuyingozi entsheni, kuthinte ukuzethemba kwabo lapho bezama nje "ukuzinakekela" noma "ukudla kangcono." Izinselele ezifana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Disney Princess Diet" noma imikhuba evimbela kakhulu eyabelwe ku-TikTok, Instagram, noma amaqembu e-WhatsApp azimele athembisa ukwehlisa isisindo ngokushesha kanye nokufana nomqondo omuhle wobuhle, kodwa zivula umnyango wezinkinga zokudla ezifihliwe njengemikhuba enempilo.
Izinselelo zegciwane ezibonakala njengomdlalo, kodwa zifihle imikhawulo eyeqisayo
Ukusesha okulula kwamagama anjengokuthi “ukudla kwenkosazana” noma “yidla njengomlingiswa owuthandayo” kwanele ukuthi i-algorithm yamapulatifomu afana ne-TikTok iqale ukubonisa i-carousel yamavidiyo anomculo othambile, ubuhle be-pastel, kanye nezinkomba zezindaba zezingane . Ngaphansi kwalesi simbozo esingenacala kukhona izinhlelo zansuku zonke ezinemininingwane ecishe ibe yindlala: izinsuku lapho kuvunyelwe khona ama-apula kuphela, ezinye lapho konke ukudla kuthathelwa indawo yitiye, izinsuku eziqukethe ukudla okuluhlaza, noma iziqondiso ezifana nokweqa isidlo sasemini nokungadluli umkhawulo wamakhalori aphansi kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lokuqukethwe luvezwa njengezinselele ezijabulisayo, cishe njengomdlalo wokulingisa osekelwe kubalingiswa beDisney noma amanye ama-franchise. Kodwa empeleni, kuhilela izinsuku zokuzila ukudla okufihliwe, ukudla okuyisicefe, kanye nemikhawulo enzima evame ukungafinyeleli ngisho nengxenye yesithathu yokudla okunconywayo kwamakhalori kwansuku zonke kwentsha. Izinhlangano zobungcweti zaseYurophu zixwayise ngokuthi lezi ezinye zezindlela eziyingozi kakhulu ezisakazwa ku-inthanethi, ngoba ithoni yazo emnene ivimbela izingcingo zemindeni nothisha.
Labo abaphila nokuphazamiseka kokudla bachaza ukuthi lezi zinselele ezibangelwa amagciwane zisebenza njengophethiloli emlilweni osuvele uvutha. Abantu abane-anorexia noma i-bulimia abazama ukuhlala bezinzile ngokuzumayo bahlangana namavidiyo aqinisa izwi langaphakathi lalesi sifo , ngaphandle kokuwafuna ngamabomu. Abaningi bachaza umuzwa wokuthi "isifo siyakubiza," ngoba i-algorithm ibanikeza izindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa isisindo ezifihliwe njengokuzinakekela.
Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo yezingane nentsha bakhomba ukuthi ukusesha okubonakala kungenacala, njengokuthi "qhubeka nokudla ukudla okunempilo" noma "yidla ukudla okunempilo," kungabangela, ngemizuzu embalwa, inqwaba yezincomo eziqukethe okuqukethwe okunemingcele eminingi , ukuqhathanisa umzimba, imiyalezo ebangela umuzwa wecala, kanye nezinselele zokunciphisa isisindo. Uhlelo lokuncoma luyehluleka ukucabangela umongo wemizwa womsebenzisi noma ubuthakathaka bangaphambilini.
ESpain, izinhlangano ezigxile ezinkingeni zokudla zilinganisela ukuthi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu aphila nesifo sokudla , okunokwenyuka okuphawulekayo kusukela kubhubhane. Ukusabalala kwabesifazane abasebasha sekuphindwe kabili, futhi iminyaka yokuqala ishintshela emabangeni aphansi aphansi kakhulu. Amantombazane aneminyaka eyishumi noma eyishumi nanye asebenzisa okuqukethwe "ngemikhuba yokuzivocavoca," "ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba," kanye nokudla okunamandla ngaphandle kokuba namathuluzi abalulekile okuhlukanisa phakathi kweseluleko sezempilo kanye nengcindezi enkulu yokuhambisana nezindinganiso zobuhle. Impendulo yesikhungo ibalulekile, njengoba ibonisa ukuthi iSpain iqinisa impendulo yayo ezinkingeni zokudla ngenxa yokwanda kwamacala.
Ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kufihlwa kanjani ngaphansi kokulandisa kokuthi "inhlalakahle"
Imiphakathi eyake yazibiza ngokuthi i-pro-Ana noma i-pro-Mia isizivumelanise nezinqubomgomo zokulinganisela zamapulatifomu. Esikhundleni sokuxoxa ngokukhululekile ngobuncane obukhulu, amaphrofayili amanje asebenzisa amalebula angathathi hlangothi, amakhodi ombala, kanye nezinkomba zesiko elidumile ukuze kugwenywe izihlungi ezizenzakalelayo. Uma uqala ukubuka, amavidiyo amaningi angase abonakale engenangozi: imikhuba "yasekuseni enempilo", amavidiyo "engikudlayo ngosuku", noma amadayari okuzinakekela okuthiwa awekho.
Nokho, ngemuva kwalokhu kubukeka okunobungane, kunezincomo ezikhathazayo kakhulu: uhlu "lokudla okuvinjelwe," amaqhinga okucindezela indlala ngamanzi noma uviniga, ukuqhathanisa njalo phakathi "kokuhle" nemizimba yangempela, kanye nemiyalezo efanisa ukuzinakekela nokudla kancane noma ukuzivocavoca ngokuphoqelekile . Indaba evezwa njengesiyalo, amandla okuzimisela, noma indlela yokuphila, kodwa empeleni, iqinisa umuzwa wecala, ihlazo lomzimba, kanye nokwesaba ukukhuluphala.
EYurophu naseLatin America, kuye kwatholakala iziteshi ezihlelwe ngama-hashtag abonakala engenangozi, kodwa asephenduke amasango okuqukethwe okuyingozi. Ama-hashtag esiNgisi afana ne-#wl (ukwehlisa isisindo), i-#whatieatinaday, i-#wieiad, noma izifinyezo ze-"eating disorder" zihlanganiswa namagama athandwayo ukuze kukhuliswe izinga lawo ku-algorithm. Ukudlala ngamagama, amahlaya angaphakathi, kanye nezinkomba kubaculi nakho kusetshenziselwa ukufihla izincazelo ezihlobene nezinkinga zokudla.
Enye indlela ephawulekayo ukusetshenziswa kwamakhodi ombala ukuveza izimo zemizwa ngaphandle kokuzibiza ngamagama acacile. Emibhalweni efakwe kumavidiyo noma kuma-hashtag ngokwawo, obomvu uhlotshaniswa nentukuthelo enkulu noma ukudabuka, ophuzi nesizungu, kanye neminye imibala enemizwa ehlukene. Lolu hlelo lombala luxubene nemiyalezo mayelana nokudla nesisindo, okuqinisa umphakathi lapho ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo kulawulwa khona ngokuvinjelwa kokudla.
Odokotela bezifo zengqondo abangochwepheshe bezinkinga zokudla bagcizelela ukuthi abaningi balaba bantu basebenzisa "isisusa" esicatshangelwayo esisekelwe ekuthukweni, ekuhlazisweni, nasekuzigxekeni okudinga kakhulu. Umgomo uwukuzibangela umuzwa wecala lapho bedla ngaphezu kwalokho okunqunyiwe noma lapho bengafinyeleli esisindweni esithile, okukhuthaza umjikelezo wokuzizonda oshintsha ngisho nohlelo lomvuzo lobuchopho : uma bezila ukudla isikhathi eside, kulapho umuzwa wokufeza okuthile abawuzwayo uba mkhulu khona. Izifundo ze-neuroscience zisiza ukuchaza lezi zinguquko.
Kusukela kuvidiyo esesidlangalaleni kuya eqenjini elivaliwe: imiphakathi eyenza imikhawulo ibe yinto evamile
Ingxenye ebalulekile yalolu hlelo lokusebenza isabonakala, kodwa enye ingxenye ingena ezindaweni okunzima kakhulu ukuzilawula. Ngamazwana evidiyo noma izincazelo zephrofayela, izixhumanisi zabelwana ngazo eziholela emaqenjini azimele ku-WhatsApp, Telegram, noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo . Lapho, umuzwa "wesizwe" uyaba khona: abasebenzisi bakhuthazana ukulandela ukudla okweqile, babelane ngezisindo zansuku zonke, izijeziso zokudlula umkhawulo othile wamakhalori, kanye nezithombe zentuthuko.
La maqembu, avame ukubethelwa, angafinyelela izinkulungwane zabahlanganyeli futhi avule kabusha ngamagama ahlukene lapho ipulatifomu ibavala. Ngaphakathi kwawo, lezi zinguquko ziqinisa umqondo wokuthi lesi sifo siyingxenye yobuntu bomuntu , into ehlanganisa futhi ikhuthaze umuzwa wokuba yingxenye yomunye umuntu. Lokhu kwenza ukululama kube nzima kakhulu: umuntu wesaba ukulahlekelwa inethiwekhi yakhe yokusekela kuphela uma eyeka ukuziphatha okuvinjelwe noma eqala ukwelashwa kochwepheshe.
Uphenyo lwakamuva luthole amavidiyo amaningi acela ngqo izixhumanisi zokujoyina imiphakathi egxile ekuzileni ukudla isikhathi eside, ukuhlanza, noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engekho ngaphansi kukadokotela. Isampula elula yamavidiyo ambalwa nje iveze izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kuka-60 eziya emaqenjini avaliwe , amaningi aphethwe abaphathi abangaziwa abahlunga ukuthi obani abangajoyina nabangenakujoyina, okwengeza ungqimba lwemfihlo nokukhanga.
Ochwepheshe bakhomba ukuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana zisebenza njengendawo ebalulekile yokuxhumana nabantu kwentsha . Uma impilo yonke yomfana noma yentombazane igxile emiphakathini edumisa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukuzithiba okuqinile ekudleni, kuba nzima kakhulu ukungabaza lawo maphethini. Ukuba yingxenye yeqembu kuba umvuzo, futhi umqondo wokushintsha imikhuba ubonakala cishe njengokukhaphela.
Ukukhangisa okuyimfihlo kanye nemikhiqizo “enempilo” ebhebhethekisa inkinga
Njengoba ukudla okunezinselele kanye nezinselelo ezidlulele ziyanda, imakethe yemikhiqizo ethembisa ukwehlisa isisindo, ukukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni, noma ukulawula isifiso sokudla iyachuma , evame ukwethulwa njengezinto ezihambisana nendlela yokuphila enempilo. Ezinkundleni ezinezitolo ezihlanganisiwe, njenge-TikTok Shop, kuye kwahlaziywa ama-akhawunti amaningi asebenza njengabasabalalisi bemithi, izithasiselo, nama-multivitamin ngaphandle kokunikeza ngisho nolwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nezingozi, iziphazamiso, noma isidingo sokubhekwa kwezokwelapha.
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo evame ukukhulunywa ngayo kukhona izidakamizwa zokunciphisa isifiso sokudla ezifana ne-amphetamine, izinto ezishisa amafutha, inhlanganisela yamavithamini amaningi, kanye nemithi "yokususa ubuthi". Eminye idinga ukunikezwa umuthi kadokotela ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezilawulwayo, kodwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ithengiswa njengokungathi iyimikhiqizo yezimonyo yansuku zonke noma yezempilo . Abantu abanethonya kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo abaziwa ngokuthi bayincoma kumavidiyo ahlanganisa ubufakazi bomuntu siqu, izithombe zangaphambi nangemva, kanye nemiyalezo yokwamukela okuhlobene nokwehlisa isisindo.
Ochwepheshe bezokudla kanye nochwepheshe bezokudla ababhalisiwe baxwayisa ngokuthi ukudla amavithamini amaningi ngokweqile noma ukusebenzisa ngokungalawulwa izidakamizwa eziqeda isifiso sokudla kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi, inhliziyo, izinso, kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi , kanye nokuthembela kwengqondo nangokomzimba. Bathi inkinga ukuthi intsha ayivamile ukufinyelela ulwazi oluqondakalayo mayelana nalezi zingozi futhi ivame ukuthemba ividiyo emfushane evela kothile emthanda kakhulu kunencwajana yezokwelapha.
Okwenza izinto zibe nzima nakakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo seziqalile ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nama-deepfakes ukuze zikhangise imikhiqizo yazo, zibeka ubuso babantu abadumile abanamandla ezikhangisweni ngaphandle kwemvume yabo. Lokhu kukhwabanisa kuqinisa umbono wokuba semthethweni, okunikeza umbono wokuthi abantu abadumile bayawasekela lawa ma-supplement futhi kushukumisele izinkulungwane zabasebenzisi ukuthi bathenge ngaphandle kokungabaza umthombo wesincomo.
I-algorithmic logic yalezi zinkundla idlala indima ebalulekile: lapho umuntu exhumana kakhulu nokuqukethwe mayelana nokudla, isisindo, noma "izinguquko zomzimba," kulapho ebona khona izikhangiso namavidiyo ahlobene. Lokhu kudala indawo lapho umugqa phakathi kolwazi, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokukhangisa ufiphala khona ngokuphelele, futhi lapho kulula khona ukuphambanisa okuqukethwe okuxhasiwe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela komuntu "okwabelana ngendaba yakhe."
Ama-algorithms, izimiso, kanye nesibopho senkundla
Amapulatifomu amakhulu ezinkundla zokuxhumana asho ezinqubweni zawo ukuthi awavumeli ukukhuthazwa kwezinkinga zokudla, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yokwehlisa isisindo ngendlela emangalisayo, noma okuqukethwe okuhlobene nempilo okudukisayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziywa okuhlukahlukene kubonise ukuthi, yize amanye amavidiyo esusiwe, ama-akhawunti amaningi akhuthaza imikhuba eyingozi ahlala esebenza , evumelanisa ulimi lwawo ukuze agweme ukwephula imithetho ngokuqondile.
EYurophu, ezinye izifunda seziqalile ukucabangela izinhlawulo zezimali zezinkampani ezihluleka ukususa ngokushesha ukukhangisa noma okuqukethwe okukhuthaza ukuphazamiseka kokudla. Kodwa-ke, isimo se-inthanethi somhlaba wonke nesishintsha njalo sisho ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zizonqunyelwa ngaphandle kokubambisana okubanzi namathuluzi obuchwepheshe athuthukisa ukutholakala kokuqukethwe okuyingozi okufihliwe njengempilo enhle.
Ochwepheshe bokumaketha nokuxhumana kwedijithali bakhomba ukuthi i-algorithm eku-TikTok kanye namapulatifomu afanayo ibeka phambili lokho okuheha kakhulu ngokomzwelo, hhayi okuphephile. Amavidiyo abonisa izinguquko ezinkulu zomzimba, ukuzidela okukhulu, noma ukuvuma okuseduze ngomzimba womuntu kuvame ukudala isikhathi esiningi sokubuka, amazwana amaningi, kanye nokwabelana okwengeziwe , okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ohlelweni lokuncoma.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi intsha esivele ibhekene nokungaqiniseki ngesithombe somzimba ingavezwa njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa kokuqukethwe okuqhathanisa osayizi, okugubha ukuncipha ngokweqile, noma okuveza imingcele njengophawu lwempumelelo yomuntu siqu. Izikhungo zocwaningo zilinganise ukwanda ngamaphesenti ayizinkulungwane eziningana lapho kukhona okuqukethwe okuhlobene nezinkinga zokudla ekudleni kwezingane ezisencane esezibonise intshisekelo kulezi zihloko, futhi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezinkinga zokudla kusiza ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuziphatha ezingavela.
Nakuba izinhlelo ezihlangene ziqalisiwe phakathi kwamapulatifomu nezinhlangano ezikhethekile—njengezingcingo zosizo noma imiyalezo yokusekela lapho kuseshwa amagama athile—idatha ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuvikela azikanele ngokusobala uma ziqhathaniswa nesivinini kanye nobuciko lapho kuvela khona amakhodi amasha, amalebula kanye namafomethi ukuze kuqhubeke nokusabalalisa izinhlobo ezifanayo zemiyalezo.
Ukufundisa iso elibucayi: kusukela "ekudleni ukuze unciphise umzimba" kuya "ukudla ukuze uphile kangcono"
Esimweni sedijithali lapho izinkinga zokudla zifihlwa njengemikhuba "yokufaneleka", ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi isihluthulelo sisekuqiniseni ukucabanga okujulile kusukela ebuntwaneni , hhayi nje kuphela entsheni, kodwa naphakathi kochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nemindeni. Ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kubonakala kungenakwenzeka; umbuzo uwukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi anganikezwa ukusiza izingane ezincane ukuthi zichaze lokho ezikubonayo.
Izazi zengqondo nodokotela bezifo zengqondo bagcizelela isidingo sokufundisa abantu ukuthi bangazibona kanjani izikhangiso eziyimfihlo, izindaba ezibangela umuzwa wecala, kanye nemiyalezo eveza ukuhlupheka okuhlobene nokudla kanye nomfanekiso womzimba. Akukhona nje ukuphikisa izinganekwane mayelana nokudla, kodwa mayelana nokushintsha ukugxila: ukusuka "ekudleni kahle ukuze wehlise isisindo" kuya "ekudleni ukuze uzondle, ube namandla, uxhumane nabanye, futhi ujabulele impilo."
Ukudla okunempilo okwenziwa emtholampilo kukhuthaza ukudla okunengqondo nokuguquguqukayo, kugwenywa ukuhlukaniswa kokudla ngokuthi "kuhle" nokuthi "kubi," futhi kukhuthaza umbono wokuthi yonke imizimba ifanelwe inhlonipho nokunakekelwa , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani noma injani. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, imikhuba enempilo ayisahlotshaniswa nesilinganiso kodwa kunalokho ihlotshaniswa nekhwalithi yokuphila, ukuphumula, umsebenzi womzimba ojabulisayo, kanye nenhlalakahle engokomzwelo.
Ukubaluleka kokuxoxa ngokukhululekile ngezinguquko zomzimba kuyo yonke impilo, ukuhlukahluka komzimba, kanye nomthelela wokuphawula ngokubukeka ekhaya nasesikoleni nakho kugcizelelwe. Ukufundisa izingane ukuthi zingahluleli imizimba yabanye manje kubhekwa njengesinyathelo esiyisisekelo ekunciphiseni ingcindezi yokuhambisana nezindinganiso zobuhle , okwenza noma yikuphi okuqukethwe okuthembisa ikhambi lokunciphisa isisindo ngokushesha kukhange kangaka.
Esimweni sezokwelapha, odokotela bezingane, odokotela bomndeni, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bakhuthazwa ukuthi babukeze imiyalezo yabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nasekubonisaneni. Abaningi bagcizelela ngokungaqondile okuqukethwe okudumisa ubuncane noma ukuziphatha okuqinile, okufaka isandla kulokhu kuhlanganiswa okuyingozi kwempilo kanye nobuhle. Inselele ilele ekutheni laba ochwepheshe babe imithombo yolwazi olunembile kanye nolimi oluhloniphekile , ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukwesaba noma ukwethuka okuqhubekayo.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, umugqa phakathi kwendlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nesifo sokudla ungaba mncane kakhulu uma ubhekwa ngesikrini. Izinselele ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukudla okunamandla, izithasiselo "eziyisimangaliso", kanye nemiphakathi evaliwe kuguqula ukuncipha kube yinto efihlwe njengenhlalakahle. Uma sibhekene nalesi simo, ukuhlanganisa imithetho, ukuziphendulela kwesikhulumi, kanye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, imfundo yokuhlola ngokujulile lokho esikubonayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kuba yinto ebalulekile ukuvimbela imikhuba enempilo ekubeni yizaba ezifanele zesifo sokudla.
