Amathuba okuthola i-Alzheimer's kusenesikhathi akusesona isifiso esikude: namuhla, Khomba izimpawu zokuqala futhi wenze ngesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokufinyelela izindlela ezintsha nokuhlela ukunakekelwa ngobuhlakani. Yize isibalo sabantu abathintekile sikhula, ngokusho kuka amaqiniso nge-Alzheimer's, izibhedlela nemiphakathi yesayensi iyavuma ukuthi ithuba lisezigabeni zokuqala.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiswe kulezo ezisekuqaleni kwenqubo ye-neurodeergenerative ziye zagunyazwa noma zahlolwa kahle eYurophu, okusheshisa ukuguquguquka kwe-paradigm. Kungcono ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kusebenza, amandla amakhulu okunikeza izinketho ezisebenzayo nokulandelela okuvikelekile.
Kungani kuphuthuma ukuthola i-Alzheimer's kusenesikhathi
Amasosha omzimba amabili aqondise i-beta-amyloid, i-lecanemab ne-donanemab, ziphawule inguquko ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuhlongozwa abantu abanokukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo noma ukuwohloka komqondo okuncane. Abawuhlehlisi umonakalo osunguliwe, ngakho thola lesi sifo ezigabeni zaso zokuqala kuba semqoka ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo engaba khona.
Amaqembu omtholampilo agcizelela ukuthi ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kuyakuvumela qala izinyathelo zokwelapha nezingezona ezemithi, nciphisa izenzakalo ezingafunwa (njengokulahlekelwa noma ukudideka) futhi ulindele izinqumo zomuntu siqu nezomndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa izindleko nokuwa ohlelweni lwezempilo ngokwenza lula ukunakekelwa nokuqapha amasekethe.
E-Spain, odokotela bezinzwa ezikhungweni zokudlulisela babika ukuthi kusekhona ukubambezeleka kusukela ekusoleni kuya ekuhlolweni okukhethekile. Isikhathi sokubonisana, ukuxhumanisa kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza (kuhlanganise nama-MRIs ukuze kuqashwe ukuphepha kokwelashwa okusha) kubonakala njengemigoqo okufanele ixazululwe.
Izikhungo nezinhlangano zeziguli nazo zigxile ekulinganeni kwendawo. Umehluko ekutholakaleni kokuxilongwa okunembile nokufika ngesikhathi kusaqhubeka kuye ngekhodi yeposi; ngakho-ke, amaphrothokholi acacile kanye nezindlela zokufinyelela ezifanayo zibalulekile okwabelwana ngazo.
Amathuluzi amasha okuxilongwa kusenesikhathi
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa ushukela wegazi sekuvele kusetshenziswe emisebenzini yomtholampilo. p-tau217, i-biomarker yobuchopho ephakanyisiwe ezigabeni zokuqala ze-Alzheimer's. Le ndlela yenza ukuhlolwa kube lula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho iletha ukutholwa kubantu abaningi ngezikhalazo zenkumbulo noma izimpawu zokuqala.
Ukuze uqinisekise futhi ubonise i-pathology, ukucabangela kwamangqamuzana kuhlala kubalulekile. I-Positron emission tomography kanye ne-PET/CT scan nge ama-tracers athile vumela ukubonwa kwama-amyloid plaques kanye nezinguquko ku-tau ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo ungalungiseki, kuyilapho i-MRI inomthelela khipha ezinye izinkinga nokuqapha imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona yokwelashwa.
I-Artificial intelligence isheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe ukuhlolwa okufushane kwengqondo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe okuzenzakalelayo, okusiza ukuhlola futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezidingeka kakhulu. Lokhu kusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganiswe kahle kumasekethe okudlulisela, kunga nciphisa izikhathi zokulinda futhi sibeke phambili amacala ngamathuba aphezulu e-Alzheimer's.
Izixazululo zedijithali zezakhamizi ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala nazo ziyavela, zinikeza ukuzihlola inkumbulo okugxile ekuhlolweni. Lawa ngamathuluzi okuthi, ngaphandle kokushintsha udokotela, Benza njengesixwayiso sokuqala futhi ukhuthaze ukubonisana lapho kuvela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso. Ukutholwa kwayo okukhulayo kanye nokwemukelwa kwemiphakathi yesayensi kuqinisa indima yayo njengomphelelisi onesibopho.
Ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ezisetshenziswayo ama-biomarker egazi ukukhetha ukhetho kusengaphambili kuqiniswe ezikhungweni zeSpanishi, kuhlanganisa isifunda: ukuhlaziywa kokuqala, ukuqinisekiswa ngamasu okubhekisela futhi, lapho kufanele, ukufakwa ezifundweni ezihlola amasu ukubambezela ukuqala kwezimpawu.
Ukuthwebula izithombe okuthuthukile nokulandelela kusenesikhathi
Njengamanje, ukuxilongwa kwe-Alzheimer's kusekelwe ekubonisweni kwe i-amyloid kanye ne-tau biomarkersI-PET ivumela ukuthi lezi zinguquko zibonwe ngeso lengqondo futhi zilinganiswe ngokunemba okukhulu; kuhlanganiswe ne-glucose PET ne-MRI, inikeza imephu ephelele yokulimala kobuchopho.
I-resonance izoba usizo nakakhulu esikhathini sokwelapha okuguqula impilo, njengoba ibalulekile qapha ukuphepha nokuziphendukela kwemveloLeli zinga elisha lidinga ukunwetshwa kwamashejuli, ukwenza kahle ukuhamba komsebenzi, nokuhlinzeka abasebenzi nemishini ezibhedlela ezinenani eliphezulu leziguli.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-algorithms e-AI ku-imaging kanye ne-neuropsychology can shintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, linganisa imibiko futhi usize odokotela benze izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha, ikakhulukazi kuzilungiselelo ezinokuntuleka kochwepheshe abakhethekile.
Izithiyo ezidinga ukuxazululwa
Ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene bayavumelana ngezithiyo eziningana: ukungabi nesikhathi sokubonisana, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana phakathi kwamazinga okunakekelwa, ukushoda kodokotela bezifo zabesifazane kanye nabahlengikazi abakhethekile, kanye nengqalasizinda engakhuli ngesivinini esidingeka ngaso.
Ekunakekelweni Okuyisisekelo, kungathatha izinyanga ukuthola ukudluliselwa okufanele, bese kuba ezinye izinyanga ezintathu kuze kube ukuvakasha kokuqala ku-Neurology noma i-Geriatrics. Izinqubo zokudlulisela ezaziwayo nezisetshenziswa, ukuhlola amasekhethi ngama-biomarker kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile kwe-AI kuzosiza ukufinyeza lezi zinsuku zokugcina.
Ukwandiswa kokwelashwa kwezigaba zokuqala kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ukufinyelela okulinganayo, ukuqeqeshwa okuthile kanye namandla ezobuchwepheshe (PET/CT, MRIs, laboratories). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ecacile indlela yokufaneleka nokuqapha ukunciphisa ubungozi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuqapha okuhlelekile.
Izinhlangano zezifunda kanye namaphalamende agcizelele ukubaluleka kokuxilonga kusenesikhathi kanye nokunakekelwa okuqondile kokuwohloka komqondo. Lezi zinhlelo zidinga ulwazi olutholakalayo kanye nokwesekwa kwabanakekeli, kanye nezinsiza ezizinzile ezivimbela ukungalingani kwendawo.
Yini eshintshayo ekusebenzeni komtholampilo
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule siye sasuka ekuhlolweni okuhlaselayo noma okubizayo njengomugqa wokuqala wokuya izindlela eziyaluza: ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-p-tau217, ukuqinisekiswa kwezithombe uma kufaneleka, kanye nokuhlelwa kokwelashwa nokwezenhlalo. Le ndlela enengqondo kakhulu, ivumela ukukhava abantu abaningi futhi kunciphisa ukuxilonga ngaphansi kwezigaba zokuqala.
Izibhedlela zaseSpain zibamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe ahlola ama-biomarker egazi kanye nezindlela zokuhlola kusengaphambili ngokuhlaziywa okulula. Lapho umphumela wokuqala uphakamisa ingozi enkulu, i ukuqinisekiswa kokuxilonga futhi, uma kufaneleka, ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni ezifuna ukumisa ukuqhubeka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke omunye umonakalo.
Njengoba lawa maqhinga eqiniswa, ukufinyelela ekuxilongweni kusenesikhathi kulindeleke ukuthi kusakazeke njengomlilo wequbula: ukuqala ngamaqembu achazwe kahle kanye nokwanda njengoba izinsiza, izinto kanye nolwazi lomtholampilo lukhula.
Konke kukhomba esimweni lapho ukutholwa kuzovama ngokushesha njengokulinganisa i-cholesterol ekuvimbeleni kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuhlolwa okuhlosiwe, ukuhlola okufinyelelekayo, nezinqumo ezinolwazi ukuvimbela i-Alzheimer's ukuthi iqhubekele ekukhubazekeni.
Ngama-biomarker egazi, ukuthwebula izithombe okuthuthukile, ukusekelwa kwe-AI, nezindlela zokunakekela ezishesha kakhulu, ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kwe-Alzheimer's akuselona iphupho eliyipayipi kodwa imephu yomgwaqo eyabiwe. Inselele ukuyibeka phansi: izinsiza zabantu ezengeziwe, ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo, izivumelwano ezicacile, nokuxhumana kwangempela phakathi kwamazinga ukuze umuntu ngamunye afike ngesikhathi.
