Ukuzethemba ebuntwaneni kuyinsika eyisisekelo yokukhula ngokomzwelo. Akukhona nje ukuzizwa kahle, kodwa mayelana nokwakha ubuhlobo obuhle nawe siqu obuzokwakha indlela umuntu abhekana ngayo nezinselele futhi axhumane ngayo nabanye. Muva nje, izici ezahlukahlukene zibeka lokhu kuthuthukiswa engozini, ikakhulukazi indawo yedijithali kanye nezinguquko ezithile zomndeni.
Ochwepheshe kanye nezifundo zakamuva bayavuma ukuthi ukuchayeka kusenesikhathi ezikrinini nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana , kanye nokuvikela ngokweqile, kunegalelo ekwandeni kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezinganeni nasebancane. Ukuzethemba okuphansi kubonakala njengento evamile ezinkingeni ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nezinkinga zokudla.
Umthelela wezikrini kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana ekuzihlonipheni kwezingane
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-JAMA Network Open luphakamise izikhalazo. Ngokusho kwedatha yalo, ama-70% abantu abaneminyaka engu-12 ubudala asevele enawo umakhalekhukhwini , futhi eminyakeni emibili nje kamuva, ama-24% abantu abasha abonisa okungenani uphawu olulodwa lokuphazamiseka kokudla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, phakathi kwalabo ababengenawo ama-smartphone, lelo phesenti lehla laya ku-16%.
Imbangela eyinhloko isekuchayweni ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nokuqukethwe okugxile ekubukekeni komzimba. Ukuqhathaniswa njalo nezithombe ezilungisiwe futhi ezihlungiwe ezivela kubantu abanethonya kudala ukunganeliseki komzimba kanye nokwehla kokuzethemba. Lokhu kuchazwa nguJason Nagata, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo, oxwayisa ngokuthi ifoni ephathekayo ibeka yonke imiyalezo ezandleni zezingane engakhuthaza imikhuba yokudla engaphilile.
Imininingwane iyathandeka: izingane ezinomakhalekhukhwini ezineminyaka engu-12 zinamathuba aphindwe kabili okuhlobanisa ukuzethemba kwazo nokubukeka kwazo ngokomzimba futhi zizame ukulawula isisindo sazo ngokuziphatha okuziphindiselela njengokuhlanza noma ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile. Ezineminyaka engu-12, uphawu oluvame kakhulu ukudla ngokweqile; lapho sezineminyaka engu-14, ukuziphatha okuziphindiselelayo ukuze zigweme ukukhuluphala kuyanda.
ESpain, ucwaningo lwe-UNICEF Spain oluthi "Childhood, Adolescence and Digital Well-being" lwembula ukuthi ingane eyodwa kwezinhlanu eCanary Islands ibonisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo okuvela ekusebenziseni isikrini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthembela ocingweni kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuzibulala phakathi kwentsha yaseziqhingini, kufinyelela ku-11,2%. Imithombo yezokuxhumana, eveza iqiniso elifingqiwe, iholela izingane ekukhuleni zinokulindela okuphezulu kanye nokuzethemba okubuthakathaka.
Indima yomndeni: ukusekela ngaphandle kokuvikela ngokweqile
Umndeni udlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ukuzethemba kwezingane. Kodwa-ke, ukuvikela ngokweqile kungaba yingozi. URamiro Curieses, engxenyeni yakhe ethi 'Okunye Umndeni Nokuncane kwe-WhatsApp', uveza ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokusekela izingane nokuxazulula izinkinga zazo ngenxa yazo . Ukuthatha imisebenzi noma izinqumo zazo kubavimbela ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abo okubhekana nobunzima.
Izibonelo zansuku zonke ezifana nokugqoka izingane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhathi, ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wesikole, noma ukungenelela ukuze kuthethelelwe amaphutha azo kothisha, kuyilapho kuzalwa uthando, kunciphisa umthwalo wemfanelo wezingane kanye namakhono okuzilawula . Ukuvikela ngokweqile kanye nokuyekelela kungadala izinkinga zokuncika, ukuzethemba okuphansi, noma ubunzima bokubhekana nobunzima kamuva ekuphileni.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi imindeni igxile ekusekeleni nasekuqondiseni izingane zayo, izivumele ukuthi zenze izinqumo futhi zifunde emiphumeleni. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, uDkt. Mitch Prinstein, isazi sezinzwa eNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina, uthi ukubambezela ukufinyelela omakhalekhukhwini izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni kusiza impilo yengqondo . Uphinde asikisele ukuthi abazali bavumele izingane ukuthi zijwayelane kancane kancane nezinkundla zokuxhumana futhi zibeke imithetho ecacile mayelana nesikhathi nendlela yokusebenzisa, okugcina amadivayisi engangeni ekamelweni lokulala.
Izinhlelo nezinsiza zokuqinisa ukuzethemba eSpain
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela izinhlelo eziningana eSpain. I-San Juan de Dios Las Palmas iqalise insizakalo entsha yezempilo yengqondo yezingane nentsha ephakathi kweminyaka engu-7 nengu-18. Le nsizakalo izoqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari ezikhungweni zayo eziseNéstor de la Torre Street eLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngokwelashwa nokusekelwa emindenini.
UMariana León López, umxhumanisi wephrojekthi, uchaza ukuthi bazofuna ukuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa nabanye ochwepheshe abaphatha ingane ukuze banikeze indlela ephelele kakhulu. Le nsizakalo izotholakala kubo bonke izakhamuzi, ngamanani angabizi kakhulu kunemboni ezimele: €35 yokubonisana ihora elilodwa kanye €50 yeseshini yokuhlola yokuqala. Umgomo ukubona isilinganiso seziguli ezingu-25 ngesonto ntambama.
Ukulungisa ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwengqondo kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu. U-Alba Rincón García, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esiphethe le nsizakalo, ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokufuna usizo ngaphandle kokucwaswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nsizakalo ibone ukwanda kwezinkinga zokudla, ezingabonakali nje kuphela njenge-anorexia noma i-bulimia, kodwa futhi nangokuzikhandla ngokweqile ejimini noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha . Ukuzethemba okuphansi kuyimbangela yezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, futhi ochwepheshe bagcizelela isidingo sokutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezinguquko zokuziphatha.
Ku-Paracuellos de Jarama, iSonto Lesibili Lempilo Yengqondo kanye Nenhlalakahle Yemizwa, elizobanjwa kusukela mhla ziyi-5 kuya ku-10 kuMfumfu, lizonikela izinsuku eziningana ebuntwaneni, ebusheni, nasemndenini. Izazi zengqondo uMaría Velasco noSilvia Álava bazogxila ekuzihlonipheni. UVelasco uthi "ukubekezelelana kuvela ekuzihlonipheni" nokuthi ukuba nomuntu obonisa isithombe esihle sokuzihlonipha kubalulekile. U-Álava ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba nabantu abathembekile emndenini, esikoleni, naseqenjini lontanga.
Imithombo yezokuxhumana izophinde ibe yindaba yempikiswano. Bobabili ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi ukuqhathaniswa njalo nalokho okubonwa ku-inthanethi kulimaza ukuzibona kwentsha kanye nokuzethemba. Ngakho-ke, bakhuthaza ukudalwa kwezindawo eziphephile kanye nobudlelwano obusekelanayo. Isonto lizohlanganisa imisebenzi ezikoleni, izingxoxo zemindeni kanye nentsha, kanye nomjaho wezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi.
Izincwadi zezingane nazo ziyithuluzi eliwusizo. Incwadi ethi 'Angela's Freckles', ebhalwe nguthisha u-Azahara Navarro, ikhuluma ngokuxhashazwa, uzwela, kanye nokwamukelwa. Iqondiswe kubafundi abaneminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-10, indaba ka-Angela kanye nokungaqiniseki kwakhe ngama-freckles akhe isiza izingane ukuthi zicabange ngokuzethemba kanye nokuhlukahluka . Incwadi, edwetshwe nguLara Ferrer, idlulisa umyalezo wokuthi okusenza sehluke nakho kusenza sibe ngabahlukile, futhi izindaba zezingane ezifundisayo ziyindlela enhle kakhulu yokufunda lokhu.
Isimo samanje sidinga ukubhekisiswa kahle ukuzethemba kwezingane. Isimo sedijithali, kanye nezinzuzo nezinkinga zaso, kanye nokuguquguquka komndeni, kanye nengozi yokuvikelwa ngokweqile, kuthonya ngqo indlela izingane ezizibona ngayo. Ukukhuthaza ukuzimela, ukubeka imingcele enempilo, ukubambezela ukufinyelela omakhalekhukhwini, kanye nokukhuthaza ukulalela okusebenzayo kungenye yamaphuzu abalulekile agcizelelwa ochwepheshe kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi. Impilo yengqondo yentsha akuyona into encane, futhi ukubhekana nayo ngokushesha ngokusekelwa kochwepheshe kanye nomndeni kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
