Isiko lisichaza ngokuthi sivelaphi, sakhulela kuphi, noma indawo esathuthuka kuyo, ngoba liyiqoqo lezindlela zokucabanga, imizwa, kanye nokwenza, okuhlanganisa ulimi, izinkolelo, ukudla, ukuvezwa kobuciko, nokuningi. Ngakho-ke, amasiko namasiko aseMexico Lezi yizimpawu zalelo zwe, esizozembula kulo lonke leli khasi.
Njengakwamanye amazwe, la masiko namasiko aseMexico ashintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; yize amanye ehlala iminyaka eminingi, angase ashintshe noma angashintshi. Kodwa umuntu kumelwe acabangele izinhlobo eziningi zalokhu impucuko eyayihlala endaweni yaseMexico Eminyakeni edlule, izimpucuko ezifana namaMaya, kanye nekoloni laseSpain kamuva, zadala ingxube yamasiko ahlukene. Leli fa lithuthukiswa kakhulu yithonya lase-Afrika kanye nezinkulumo ezidumile zanamuhla, okuholela ekubumbeni okucebile kwamasiko. Ngezansi, uzothola izinkulumo ezibaluleke kakhulu nezithandwayo zalesi sikhathi.
Amasiko namasiko abaluleke kakhulu eMexico
I-Las amasiko aseMexico aziwa kakhulu Zihlanganisa izakhi zomdabu, ezaseYurophu, kanye, kwezinye izimo, zase-Afrika. Eziningi zazo ziye zaqashelwa njenge Amagugu Amasiko Angaphatheki yizinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ngenxa yenani lazo elingokomfanekiso kanye nendlela eziqinisa ngayo ubuwena kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Ngezansi uzobona kuqala imikhosi eseyikhulunywe ngayo kulesi sihloko, bese siqhubeka nokwandisa eminye imikhuba ehambisana nesimo samasiko sezwe.
Usuku lwabafileyo
Enye ye amasiko amakhulu aseMexico. Lo mkhosi ugujwa ngosuku lokuqala nolwesibili lukaNovemba, yize uqala kusukela ntambama ngo-Okthoba 31 lapho abantu beya kookhokho bayo ukuyohlanza nokuhlobisa amathuna alezo zingane esezashona. Ngakusasa ithuba labadala nokuyilapho amaMariach evame ukubonwa khona.
Kuye ngesifunda, umkhosi ungahluka. Isibonelo, eToluca, kuba nombukiso minyaka yonke ngaleso sikhathi, obonisa abantu abadumile abavela emasikweni aseMexico, njengabakwaCatrinas kanye nabantu abanezinhloko ezinkulu. Kwezinye izindawo, njengePátzcuaro neJanitzio eMichoacán, kanye neMixquic neXochimilco eMexico City, amathuna agcwele amakhandlela, izimbali nomculoFuthi imindeni ichitha ubusuku bonke eduze kwamathuna abathandekayo bayo.
Usuku Lwabafileyo lwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengokubonakaliswa Amagugu Amasiko Angaphathekiokugqamisa ubuntu bayo njengesiko eliphilayo, labokhokho, nelomphakathi. Ama-altare noma iminikelo ihlanganisa izinto ezibalulekile njenge-marigolds, i-papel picado (imihlobiso yephepha elisikiwe), izithombe zabafileyo, i-pan de muerto (isinkwa sabafileyo), kanye nokudla neziphuzo abazithandayo, ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi, phakathi nalezi zinsuku, imiphefumulo iyabuya iyoba nemindeni yayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi siko sinezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zendawo: eYucatán, isibonelo, lo mkhosi waziwa ngokuthi Hanal Pixánngezitsha nezimpawu ezivamile zesiko lamaMaya; kanti kweminye imiphakathi yabomdabu, kufakwa izingoma ezithile, imidanso, kanye nemikhuba ethile. Konke lokhu kwenza uSuku Lwabafileyo lube olunye lwezinsuku Imikhosi yaseMexico ephawulekayo kakhulu emhlabeni.
Usuku lukaVirginalupe
Umkhosi obanjwa minyaka yonke ngomhlaka-12 Disemba, ohlonipha isithombe esibaluleke kakhulu emasikweni aseMexico; ngokuba ngomunye walabo Amasiko amaKatolika aseMexicoUsuku lomkhosi lubangelwa ukuthi ngalolo suku iNcasakazi yabonakala kuSaint Juan Diego, futhi abalandeli abathembekile kakhulu baya emihlanganweni eya e- I-Basilica of Our Lady yaseGuadalupe.
Izigidi zabantu zifika zihamba ngezinyawo, zigibele amabhayisikili, noma ziguqe ngamadolo, njengophawu lokuthi ukuzinikela nokubongaImiphakathi eminingi ihlela imidanso, izingoma, kanye nemisa yokuhlonipha iNcasakazi, ebhekwa njengosanta ovikelayo waseMexico kanye nophawu lobuzwe. Emadolobheni nasemadolobheni akude neBasilica, kubanjwa nemikhosi yokukhulekela yendawo, amarosari, kanye nemikhosi ethandwayo, equkethe ukudla kwendabuko, umculo we-mariachi, kanye neziqhumane.
Lesi siko siyisibonelo esicacile sendlela izinto zomdabu nezobuKristu ezihlangana ngayo, njengoba isithombe seNcasakazi yaseGuadalupe sihunyushwe njengebhuloho phakathi konkulunkulu besifazane basendulo baseMesoamerica kanye nomfanekiso wamaKatolika waseMarian, okuqinisa indima yakhe njengo uphawu olungokomoya nolwamasiko kubantu baseMexico.
I-tequila
Esinye seziphuzo ezidakayo ezithandwa kakhulu eMexico nasemhlabeni yi i-tequilaIvela eMexico, njengoba yadalwa kumasipala onegama elifanayo, otholakala esifundazweni saseJalisco. Yenziwe ngenqubo yokubilisa nokuhluza i-agave.
I-Tequila iyingxenye ye- ubuwena bemikhosi I-Tequila iyisiphuzo saseMexico futhi ikhona emikhosini efana nemishado, amaholide kazwelonke, imibuthano yemindeni, kanye nemikhosi ye-mariachi. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kulawulwa yigama lemvelaphi elivikela ikhwalithi kanye nobuqiniso besiphuzo, futhi indawo ekhula i-blue agave isibe yindawo yokuvakasha yamasiko, lapho izivakashi zingafunda khona ngomlando, izinqubo zobuciko, kanye nobudlelwano be-tequila namanye amasiko afana ne-charrería (i-rodeo yaseMexico) kanye nomculo we-mariachi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tequila ihambisana nezinye iziphuzo zendabuko njenge-mezcal noma i-pulque, nazo ezivela esitshalweni se-maguey futhi zigcina imikhuba yazo yemikhosi neyokudla ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe.
Ama-piñata
AmaPiñata aqala eMexico kudala, ikakhulukazi ngama-Aztec, amaMaya, kanye nezinye izimpucuko eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, alungiselela izimbiza zobumba ngesimo sonkulunkulu okwakudingeka ziphulwe ukuze kukhishwe okuqukethwe ngaphakathi. Isibonakaliso sawo yi- ubuningi Lezi zikhwama zisasetshenziswa ukusabalalisa amathoyizi, amaswidi, nezinye izinto emaphathini, ngokuvamile emaphathini ezingane. Kodwa-ke, kulezi zinsuku zenziwe ngezinto eziphephile njengekhadibhodi.
EMexico Kugujwa uMbukiso wePiñata futhi kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziswa kwamanye amaqembu afana noKhisimusi. Ngendlela efanayo, lokhu kuyingxenye yamasiko namasiko aseMexico amukelwa ngamanye amasiko emhlabeni jikelele, njenge-United States kanye nengxenye enkulu yamazwe aseLatin America.
Ngaphakathi kwesiko lamaKatolika, i-piñata enamachashaza ayisikhombisa imelela izono ezibulalayoInduku ifanekisela ukholo olusiza ukunqoba izithiyo, futhi uswidi uwumvuzo wokuhlala uqinile. Yingakho kuyinto evamile kuma-posada kaKhisimusi, lapho izingoma, ama-litanie, kanye nengoma edumile ethi "hit it, hit it, hit it" kuhlanganiswa khona ngaphambi kokuyiphula. Lokhu kwenza i-piñata ibe yinto ehlanganisa... ukudlala, ukufundisa ngokuziphatha kanye nokuhlala ndawonye phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala.
Usuku lweRevolution
I-Mexican Revolution, eyenzeka ngoNovemba 20, 1910, igujwa minyaka yonke ngosuku olufanayo; yashintsha kakhulu i- isiko kanye nezombusazwe wesifundazwe saseMexico, njengoba nje sawisa umbuso kaPorfirio Díaz, omunye wababusi ababi kakhulu emlandweni waseMexico.
Lo mgubho wenziwa minyaka yonke ngombukiso wamasosha eYucatán, ohlanganisa amalungu ezikhungo ezahlukahlukene; phakathi kwabahlanganyeli kungenzeka ukubona izicishamlilo, amasosha, abasubathi, phakathi kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi ezigubha lolu suku zivame ukugqoka ngendlela eyingqayizivele yokuhambela umbukiso, phakathi kwawo amafulegi, izigqoko ezinkulu nezingubo zenguquko.
Izikole kulo lonke izwe ziyahlela izenzo zomphakathiUkudlala kwezigcawu zoguquko kanye nemidanso yendabuko kuqinisa ulwazi lomlando phakathi kwezingane. Lolu suku luyingxenye yemikhosi yomphakathi, kanye noSuku Lokuzimela, oluqinisa inkumbulo kanye nokuziqhenya ngezinqubo zomphakathi ezakha iMexico yanamuhla.
Usuku lweCandlemas
Njengoba iMexico iyisifundazwe lapho iningi labantu lingamaKatolika, kujwayelekile ukubona imikhosi eyahlukene yenkolo emasikweni nasemasikweni ayo. Usuku lweCandlemas lunye lwazo, olugujwa ngoFebhuwari 2 kanti lo mkhosi uvela eSpain, ikakhulukazi eTenerife ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Kepha ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye yafaka namanye amasiko agujwa eMexico ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene zonyaka. Isibonelo, ngoKhisimusi i-Niño Dios igqoke izingubo ezikhethekile noma nge-Three Kings Day, ama-tamales anikezwa noma ngubani okwazi ukuthola unodoli ababebabambe ngaphambili ababengabaphathi.
Ngakho-ke, uSuku lweKhandlela luba yisikhathi ukuhlangana komndeni kanye nokuvalwa kwesizini kaKhisimusi, lapho kwabelwana khona ngama-tamales, ama-atole, nezinye izitsha ezivamile. Kwezinye izifunda, kwenzeka imibuthano enezithombe zenkolo, izibusiso zembewu yezitshalo, kanye nemidanso yendabuko, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu benkolo nokubaluleka ukuvunda komhlaba.
AbakwaGuelaguetza
Kungumkhosi wobuzwe e-Oaxaca, lapho abadansi abaningana abavela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaleso sifundazwe begqoka izingubo ezijwayelekile futhi bedansa ngomculo owenziwe ngezinsimbi zomoya. Lokhu kungenye yamasiko namasiko aseMexico agujwa minyaka yonke, uMsombuluko wokuqala ngemuva kukaJulayi 16 udlulile.
Igama layo livela kuZapotec futhi libhekisela ku- umnikelo kanye nokubambisanaUmphakathi ngamunye ohlanganyelayo uletha imikhiqizo evela esifundeni sawo, njengezithelo, imisebenzi yezandla, noma iziphuzo, ezinikezwa umphakathi ngokomfanekiso, ziqinisa izibopho zobumbano. Imidanso efana neFeather Dance noma iPineapple Flower Dance iyadlalwa, ihambisana namaqembu ethusi namakwaya abonisa ukwehlukahlukana kwezilimi nomculo wesifundazwe.
Ngaphezu kombukiso oyinhloko eFortín Hill, idolobha lase-Oaxaca nezindawo ezizungezile libamba imibukiso yokudla, imibukiso yezindwangu, imihlangano yobuciko bendabuko, kanye nemisebenzi enikelwe kumasiko endabuko, okuguqula iGuelaguetza ibe yi- umcimbi omkhulu wamasiko eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Amanye amasiko namasiko athandwayo aseMexico
Lokhu okungenhla kuyisikhombisa kwamasiko namasiko aseMexico aziwa kakhulu, yize kunganezelwa amanye amaningi, njengoba isiko laseMexico likhulu futhi lihlukahlukene, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Ngezansi kunezinye izinkulumo ezikhona kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke yezwe kanye nemikhosi, okusiza ukuqonda kangcono lokhu kuceba kwamasiko.
Usuku Lwamakhosi Amathathu kanye neRosca
Usuku Lwamakhosi Amathathu lugujwa ngoJanuwari 6 futhi lungenye yezinsuku ezigujwa kakhulu. amaholide athandwayo ebuntwaneniIsiko liwukwabelana ngendandatho yesinkwa esimnandi ehlotshiswe ngezithelo ezifakwe amaswidi. Ngaphakathi kwendandatho kufihlwe izithombe ezincane ezimele uMntwana kaKristu. Noma ngubani othola isithombe esiqeni sakhe unesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngama-tamales ngosuku lwe-Candlemas.
Kubantwana, lolu suku luphinde lufanekise ukufika kwe amadoda ahlakaniphileLaba ngabantu abashiya amathoyizi bephendula incwadi yangaphambilini. Leli siko, elinezimpande zobuKatolika, lenziwa emakhaya, ezikoleni nasezindaweni zokusebenza, liqinisa umphakathi kanye nomuzwa wokudlala ngokubambisana.
AmaPosada kanye noKhisimusi waseMexico
Ama-posada aqala kusukela ngomhlaka-16 kuya ku-24 Disemba. Imvelaphi yawo ingokwenkolo, njengoba emelela uhambo lokuya eBetlehema lukaSanta Joseph neNcasakazi uMariya. Abantu bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: labo “abacela indawo yokuhlala” emgwaqweni kanye nalabo abanikela ngayo bengaphakathi emakhaya abo, behlabelela izingoma zendabuko.
Uma umnyango ongokomfanekiso usuvuliwe, uyabelwana ngawo isibhakela esishisayoAmaswidi, izithelo zesizini, i-piñata iyaphulwa, futhi imidlalo nemisebenzi iyahlelwa. Nakuba kwezinye izindawo ubuntu benkolo sebunciphile, umongo womkhosi usalokhu ukhona. ukuhlala ndawonye komphakathi kanye nobumbano phakathi komakhelwane, umndeni nabangane.
Ukukhala Kokuzimela kanye namaholide kazwelonke
Ngobusuku bangoSepthemba 15, lonke izwe libuthana ezigcawini zomphakathi nasemakhaya ukuze lizwe ubizo olwaziwa ngokuthi Isililo SokuzimelaIgunya eliphakeme kakhulu endaweni ngayinye liphinda isimemezelo somlando sikaMiguel Hidalgo, lihalalisela amaqhawe esizwe futhi liphakamise ifulege laseMexico phambi kwabantu.
Imigwaqo igcwele imibala yesizweUkudla kwendabuko okufana ne-pozole, i-chiles en nogada, nokunye ukudla okulula kuyakhonzwa, kanye neziphuzo ezifana ne-tequila ne-mezcal. Ngosuku olulandelayo, kuvame ukuba nemibuthano yomphakathi neyezempi. Lo mgubho uyisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokuzimela kanye nokubonakaliswa okunamandla kakhulu kokuziqhenya kwesizwe konyaka.
Amaflaya asePapantla
AmaVoladores asePapantla angomunye wemikhuba ephawulekayo yesiko lendabuko lamaTotonac. Amadoda amahlanu akhuphuka esigxotsheni eside kakhulu; amane awo agxumela esikhaleni, eboshwe ngezinyawo, bese ehla ngezindilinga, kanti owesihlanu uhlala phezulu edlala umtshingo nesigubhu.
Lo mkhuba uhlobene nezicelo zokuthola ukuvunda komhlaba kanye nokulinganisela nemvelo. Futhi ibhekwa njengefa lamasiko elingabonakali, ingaziswa esifundeni sasePapantla nakwezinye izindawo zokuvakasha ezweni, lapho ama-voladores egcina khona umkhuba wokhokho ohlanganisa ingokomoya, umdanso kanye ne-acrobatics.
UMariachi noCharrería
I-Mariachi ingenye yezindlela zomculo ezimele kakhulu kuleli zwe. Iqala entshonalanga yeMexico, ikakhulukazi i-Jalisco, ihlanganisa izinsimbi zomculo ezifana nama-violin, amacilongo, amagitare, i-guitarrón, kanye ne-vihuela, futhi amalungu ayo agqoka izingubo ezihlukile. isudi ye-charroIzingoma zakhe zisukela kumculo wendabuko waseMexico kanye nama-ranchera kuya kuma-bolero kanye nezingoma zesimanje, futhi zihambisana nemikhosi efana nama-serenade, imishado, ukuphothula iziqu, noma imingcwabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-charrería ibhekwa njenge Ezemidlalo kazwelonkeLena imibukiso yamahhashi lapho ama-charros ebonisa khona ikhono lawo ngamahhashi nezinkomo emicimbini efana nokugibela ihhashi, ukugibela izintambo, kanye nemincintiswano yamahhashi yabesifazane. Ngaphandle kombukiso, i-charrería ilondoloza amasu asemakhaya, imisebenzi yobuciko (njengomsebenzi wesikhumba), kanye nekhodi yokuhlonipha eyingxenye ebalulekile yasemaphandleni aseMexico.
Ukudla kwendabuko kwaseMexico
Ukudla kwaseMexico kuyisiko ngokwako. Ngaphandle kwama-tacos noma i-guacamole ethandwayo, kukhona ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezitsha zesifundaEziningi zalezi zitsha zisekelwe kummbila, ubhontshisi, upelepele oshisayo, kanye ne-cacao. Izitsha ezifana ne-mole, ama-salsa enziwe ngopelepele oshisayo oshisayo, ama-tamales, kanye ne-pozole ziyingxenye yemikhosi yomndeni kanye neyomphakathi unyaka wonke.
Ukudla kwendabuko, ikakhulukazi okwezifunda ezifana neMichoacán, kuye kwaqashelwa njengefa lamasiko ngenxa yobunjalo bako bokudla okunempilo. indlela yokuphila kanye namasiko omphakathilapho izindlela zokupheka, amasu kanye nemikhuba ephathelene nokudla kudluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye futhi kuqiniswa khona ubunikazi babantu ngabanye.
Imikhosi yabangcwele be-Patron kanye nemidanso yesifunda
Cishe kuyo yonke imasipala eMexico kuyagujwa imikhosi Le mikhosi, enikezelwe kungcwele ongumvikeli noma iNcasakazi uMariya wendawo, ihlanganisa izingqungquthela zenkolo nemibukiso, ukugibela imikhosi yomkhosi, umculo, imidanso yendabuko, imisebenzi yezandla, kanye nokudla kwendawo.
Imidanso efana neParachicos eChiapa de Corzo, uMdanso Wamadoda Asebekhulile eMichoacán, amaMatachine noma amaConcheros ezifundazweni ezahlukene, iveza ngezingubo, izifihla-buso kanye nokudweba imidanso. inkumbulo yomlando nengokomoya yesifunda ngasinye. Ngale ndlela, inkolo ethandwayo ixubene nomkhosi wokubambisana kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuba yingxenye yomphakathi.
Amasiko namasiko aseMexico agcwele imibala, imigubho, kanye nenjabulo, kodwa futhi nemfundiso yemfihlakalo, isiko, kanye nomlando. Ngayinye iyathakazelisa futhi iyakhanga kokubili abantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi. Uhambo oluya encazelweni, isiko, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwamasiko aseMexico luhlala luyisimemo sokuzibonela nokuzibonela mathupha; umkhosi ngamunye unamasiko abonisa ingcebo yomlando umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko okhokho nawamanje, okugcina ubuwena baseMexico buphila emhlabeni.