Ubudlelwano phakathi kwempilo yengqondo yentsha kanye nendawo yedijithali sebuphinde baba yisihloko esiyinhloko sempikiswano. Akukhona nje ukuthi mangaki amahora achithwa phambi kwesikrini , kodwa futhi mayelana neminyaka lapho intsha iqala khona ukusebenzisa amafoni ayo kanye nohlobo lokuqukethwe evezwa kukho. Izinkinga zokudla (ama-ED) zingene kule ngxoxo ngoba ukuchayeka ezithombeni nasemiyalezo mayelana nomzimba kungathonya indlela intsha ezibona ngayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona ukukhathazeka osekunesikhathi eside: ukuvela kabusha kokukhathazeka ngokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokwanda kokuxilongwa kwabantu abasebasha kakhulu. ESpain, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Antoni Grau, umsunguli we-Atenea Mental Health, waxwayisa engxoxweni ku-Herrera en COPE Catalunya ukuthi lezi zifo zisalokhu ziyinkinga enkulu, ngesilinganiso sokufa okungafanele sithathwe kancane. Ubufakazi bakhe buhambisana nedatha evela ezifundweni eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe ezigxile ekusetshenzisweni kwefoni yeselula kwasekuqaleni.
Umakhalekhukhwini eneminyaka engu-12: umnyango ovulekile wokuqukethwe mayelana nezinto ezibonakalayo
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku- JAMA Network Open luhlaziye cishe intsha yaseMelika engu-9.000 futhi lwathola ukuhlobana okucacile: ukuba ne-smartphone eneminyaka engu-12 kuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu eziningi zokuphazamiseka kokudla eneminyaka engu-14. Cishe u-70% wabahlanganyeli base benayo ifoni ngaleso sikhathi. Lapho befika eminyakeni engu-14, u-24% walabo ababenayo ifoni eneminyaka engu-12 babonise okungenani uphawu olulodwa, uma kuqhathaniswa no-16% walabo ababengenayo idivayisi yabo. Ngemva kokulungisa iziguquguquko ezahlukene, ingozi yayiphezulu ngo-49%. Ucwaningo alumiseli iminyaka efanele yokunikeza i-smartphone, kodwa lusikisela ukuthi isikhathi sokufinyelela sibalulekile.
Abacwaningi ababuzanga nje kuphela ngokutholakala kwe-anorexia noma i-bulimia. Bahlaziye izinkomba ezifana nokudla ngokweqile, ukuziphatha kokubuyisela ukuze bagweme ukukhuluphala, kanye nokuthambekela kokuxhumanisa ukuzethemba nokubukeka komzimba . Ukuba ne-smartphone eneminyaka engu-12 kwahlotshaniswa eminyakeni emibili kamuva nengozi ephindwe kabili yokuzethemba okuxhomeke esisindweni, izimpawu zokudla ngokweqile ezingu-67%, kanye nokuziphatha kokubuyisela okwengeziwe okungu-50%. Lapho beneminyaka engu-12, uphawu oluvame kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi befoni kwakuwukudla ngokweqile (9,2%); lapho beneminyaka engu-14, kwakuwukuziphatha kokubuyisela (20%).
UJason Nagata, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo kanye nochwepheshe kwezokwelapha kwentsha eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, ufingqe lokhu ngale ndlela: i-smartphone ingabeka umhlaba wonke wokuqukethwe okugxile ekubukekeni ephaketheni lomuntu osemusha . Ukuziqhathanisa nabantu abanethonya abanezithombe ezikhethiwe, ezithintwa kabusha, futhi ezihlungiwe kungandisa ukunganeliseki komzimba kanye nokuzethemba okuphansi, okuyizinto ezibangela izinkinga zokudla. Ngaphambi kokuthomba kuhambisana nezinguquko zomzimba nezingokomzwelo zokuthomba, lapho ukuqhathaniswa komzimba kuqina, futhi uchwepheshe uphikelela ngokuthi akukhona nje ngedivayisi ngokwayo, kodwa nangokuqukethwe ekunikeza ukufinyelela kukho.
Abalobi bakhomba izindlela eziningana ezingaba khona, njengokwanda kokuchayeka ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kanye nokuqukethwe okuhlobene nokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nobuhle . Izifundo zangaphambilini zase zivele zixhumanise isikhathi sokubuka isikrini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana nokucindezeleka, ukuzethemba okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nezidakamizwa kokulinga, kanye nokudla ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo alubonisi ubudlelwano obuyimbangela: izimpawu zazibikwa yintsha, amafoni awazange abekwe ngokungahleliwe, futhi kungase kube nezici ezingalinganiswanga, njengokuxhashazwa noma izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezazikhona. Nokho, ubudlelwano baqhubeka eminyakeni emibili kamuva nangemva kokuzivumelanisa nezimo eziningi.
Izinkundla zokuxhumana: aziyona imbangela, kodwa zisebenza njenge-megaphone.
Nakuba amapulatifomu afana neTikTok ne-Instagram ebeka ubuncane beminyaka engu-13, cishe ababili kwabathathu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 sebevele benayo iphrofayili kwenye yazo . Isazi sezinzwa uMitch Prinstein, wase-University of North Carolina, uncoma ukuthi kubambezelwe ukufinyelela omakhalekhukhwini izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yengqondo. Uphinde weluleka ukuthi kungeniswe izinkundla zokuxhumana kancane kancane, kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa kocingo okungavinjelwe, futhi kugcinwe amadivayisi engangeni ekamelweni lokulala, ngaphezu kokubeka imithetho ecacile mayelana nesikhathi sesikrini kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Ngokufanayo, u-Antoni Grau uveza ukuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana aziyona imbangela yezinkinga zokudla, kodwa zisebenza njenge-amplifier . Ukukhathazeka ngokubukeka komzimba kubonakala ebuntwaneni futhi kwandiswa ukucindezeleka, ukungazethembi emsebenzini, kanye nokukhathazeka komndeni, okungathinta ukuziphatha kwezingane. Lokhu kucindezela kokuqala kokuhambisana nezindinganiso zobuhle kungenye yezinto ochwepheshe abaziqaphelayo kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa ebuntwaneni nasebudaleni
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuqala kwalezi zinkinga ngokuvamile siphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 neyi-17, phakathi nesikhathi sobusha, kodwa iminyaka iyanda, futhi ukuxilongwa manje sekwenziwa ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-8 nengu-9. Kulezi zimo, ukuqala kungaba ngokuzumayo: ezinye izingane zenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla namanzi, zizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emzimbeni, futhi zigcine zilaliswe esibhedlela. Lesi simo singazivimbela ukuya esikoleni noma ukuphuma ziyodlala nabangani bazo.
U-Antoni Grau uveza ukuthi izinkinga zokudla zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokufa kuzo zonke izifo zengqondo , lidlula ngisho nelokulutheka. Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, izifundo zakamuva ezishiwo yilochwepheshe zibonisa ukuthi u-3% uveza izimpawu ezivamile, okuhlanganisa ukuphambuka kwesithombe somzimba kanye nokudla okunemikhawulo kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukukhuluphala. Ezinye iziguli zihlala nalesi sifo amashumi eminyaka, ezibachaza njengabasindile, futhi eziqhubeka nokuziphatha kahle zize zibe neminyaka engama-50. Kukhona futhi namacala okuqala sekwephuzile ahlobene nezinguquko ezindimeni zomphakathi, ezinkingeni, noma ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphila.
Uchwepheshe wase-Atenea Mental Health ugcizelela ukuthi ukuntuleka kwezinsiza ezithile kushiya abantu asebekhulile bengavikelekile futhi ucela ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe ezinsizeni zempilo yengqondo ukuze ubudala bungabi yisici sokubandlululwa. Okwenezela kulokhu iqiniso ukuthi, ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezahlukene, cishe ama-22% ezingane nentsha emhlabeni wonke abonisa izimpawu zokuziphatha okungahambi kahle kokudla , okungafaka phakathi ukuthanda ukudla nesisindo, isithombe somzimba esiphambene, ukuvinjelwa kokudla, ukuhlanza, noma ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ukuze kulungiswe ama-calories. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu nesifo sokudla uncike ebunzimeni kanye nokuthi izinqubo zomtholampilo ziyahlangatshezwana yini.
Isithombe esidwetshwe yile datha nobufakazi singenye yezinkinga ezidlula ubudala. Ukufinyelela kusenesikhathi kumaselula kanye nokuchayeka njalo emibonweni yomzimba engenangqondo, kuhlanganiswe nezici ezingokomzwelo, zomndeni, kanye nezenhlalo, kungasebenza njengezimbangela. ESpain naseYurophu, ochwepheshe bagcizelela isidingo sezinyathelo zokuthatha isinyathelo, beqondisa izingane ekusebenziseni kwazo ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqinisa izinsiza zempilo yengqondo zabo bonke ubudala.
