Imiphumela emibi ye-heroin kanye nokwelashwa komlutha

Phakathi kokuhlukile ama-opioid analgesic Phakathi kwemithi ekhona, singathola i-heroin, nayo enezakhiwo ezicindezela ukukhwehlela futhi ivimbele nezinkinga zesisu ezifana nesifo sohudo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokwelapha kulinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kokuzijabulisa, ngenxa imiphumela enamandla kanye nekhono layo eliphezulu kakhulu lokulutha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, silungiselele lokhu okufakiwe ngolwazi olwandisiwe nolubuyekeziwe mayelana nokuthi iyini i-heroin, imiphumela yayo emibi, nokuthi ukulutha kuphathwa kanjani.

Yazi ukuthi yini i-heroin nezici zayo

Njengoba sishilo, kuyi- i-opioid enemiphumela yokudambisa ubuhlunguKuyi-morphine eyenziwe ngokwengxenye, eyenziwe ngesitshalo lapho kukhishwa khona i-opium (i-opium poppy). I-Heroin, ogama layo lamakhemikhali lingu i-diacetylmorphineInamandla kakhulu kune-morphine futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yayo ivame ukuqala ngokushesha, njengoba idlula isithiyo segazi nobuchopho ngempumelelo enkulu.

• I-heroin engekho emthethweni yaziwa ngokuthi yi-powder emhlophe noma ensundu, evame ukuhlanganiswa ne-heroin. izifebe (ushukela, i-caffeine, i-talc, izidakamizwa, njll.).
• Kungabonakala futhi njengento emnyama, enamathelayo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-heroin emnyama ye-tar, kuvame kakhulu kwezinye izimakethe ezingekho emthethweni.
• Lokhu kusetshenziswa kakhulu nge emthanjeninakuba ingabhenywa, ihogelwe, ifuthwe noma inikezwe ngezinye izindlela.
• Kubhekwa njenge-a umuthi wokucindezeleka kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, okunciphisa ukusebenza kobuchopho nokuphefumula.
• Kuphakathi kwezinto ezikhiqiza ukuncika okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngokushesha okukhulu; okuyifaka phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezinezinga eliphezulu lokulutha futhi ezidala umonakalo omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye.

Yatholakala nguCharles Romley Alder Wright, owayihlanganisa ngemva kokuyihlukanisa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylation i-morphine hydrochloride. Imvelaphi yayo ibangelwa yinkampani iBayer, inkampani yemithi eseJalimane eyayithengisa lesi sithako i-diacetylmorphine ngaphansi kwegama elithi "heroin".

Le nkampani efanayo yayinesibopho sokumaketha umkhiqizo, okwakucatshangwa ekuqaleni ukuthi inguqulo okuthiwa ayiluthi kakhulu I-Morphine. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-morphine yayisivele isetshenziswa njengokuzijabulisa, ngakho-ke lesi sithako esisha sabonwa njengendlela efanelekile yokwelapha ubuhlungu nokukhwehlela. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho: i-heroin yabonakala ilutha kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi bancika kulesi sithako, ngokushesha yadlula eyangaphambili ngenani lamacala okulutha.

Okwamanje, i-heroin iyi- izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni Emazweni amaningi, ukukhiqizwa kwayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokuzijabulisa kuyajeziswa kanzima. Naphezu kwalokhu, isalokhu ingenye yezinto ezinomthelela omkhulu empilweni nakwezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yengozi yokuthi ukudlula ngokweqile, ukutheleleka kanye nokubandlululwa komphakathi.

Iyini imiphumela ye-heroin?

Iqhawekazi lidlala ngokujoyina ama-receptor e-opioid kobuchopho nezinye izindawo zesimiso sezinzwa. Ekuqaleni, abantu abaningi bachaza ukucindezeleka okukhulu “ukuphakama” noma injabuloigagasi lenjabulo kanye nenhlalakahle engokomzimba nengokomzwelo. Lo mphumela wokuqala wokuzijabulisa ungenye yezizathu ezenza ukuthi le nto ibe namandla okulutha kangaka.

Kodwa-ke, kanye nalo muzwa wenhlalakahle, kuvela neminye imiphumela, njengokunganaki, i-miosis (ukuqina komfundi), ukozela, ukuphefumula okunciphile, ukwehla kokusebenza kwemisipha kanye nomfutho wegazi, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kokuqala), futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhoxa kwesifo ngokumisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

Lo muthi uveza imiphumela kokubili uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwezinzwa njengase- uhlelo lwezinzwa oluseceleni kanye nasezithweni zomzimba eziningi. Lokhu kuchazwe kabanzi ngezansi.

Imiphumela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi

• Ukuvinjelwa kwe ukuhlanza okubonakalayookungafihla izinkinga zokugaya ukudla noma ubuthi.
• Ukucindezelwa kwe tosYingakho amanye ama-opioid ahlobene esetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njengemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala.
• Umfundi uyancipha ngobukhulu (i-miosis), uphawu oluphawulekayo lokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid.
• Ukupholisa okukhulu kanye umphumela wokudambisa izinhlungu, kanye nokwehla kokubona ubuhlungu obungokomzimba kanye nokungakhululeki ngokomzwelo.
• Kungenzeka imibono kanye nokushintsha kwendlela abanye abathengi ababona ngayo noma ngemithamo ephezulu.
• La izinga lokushisa komzimba Kuyancipha, okungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwezimo ezithile.
• yehla phakathi isilinganiso sokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo, okuthi uma kusetshenziswe ngokweqile kungaholela ekumisweni kokuphefumula.
• Kufiphaza isahlulelo, ukwenza izinqumo kanye nokuhlola ubungozi, ukukhetha ukuziphatha okuyingozi.

Imiphumela ohlelweni lwezinzwa lomngcele

• Izikhathi ezimbalwa zokuqala ingaveza imiphumela efana ukuhlanza noma isicanucanuKodwa-ke, uma umthamo ofanayo ugcinwa lapho uwusebenzisa kwezinye izikhathi, lo mphumela uvame ukunyamalala ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokubekezelelana.
• I-Los ama-sphincters Zandisa umsebenzi wazo, njengoba kwenza imisipha ebushelelezi (bheka i-bronchi, isibonelo), zikhiqiza izinguquko ekudluleni kwamathumbu kanye nokuphefumula.
• Intuthuko eqhubekayo ye ukuqunjelwa, omunye wemiphumela evame kakhulu yama-opioid.
• Ukoma kwe umlomo kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyilaokukhuthaza ukubonakala kwezinkinga zamazinyo nezinsini.
• Ukungezwani komzimba kanye nokukhishwa kwe-histamine, okungabonakala njengokulunywa okukhulu kanye nokuba bomvu kwesikhumba.
• Umbono ofiphele kanye nokuphazamiseka kokubona kwesikhashana.

Imiphumela evame kakhulu esheshayo neyesikhashana

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, labo abasebenzisa i-heroin Bavame ukuchaza:

• Ububomvu isikhumba esifudumeleikakhulukazi ebusweni nasemzimbeni ongaphezulu.
• Ukuzizwa ubunzima ezingalweni nasemilenzenisengathi umzimba unesisindo esingaphezu kwesijwayelekile.
• Intenso ukulunywa okuvamileokungaholela ekuklwebheni okuphoqelekile.
• Umlomo owomile nokoma.
• Kumakwe ukozela amahora amaningana ngemva kokuphakama kokuqala, ngesimo "senkungu yengqondo."
• yehla phakathi ngizizwa ngilambileokungabangela ukungondleki kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa okuhlukumezayo

I-Heroin iveza nemiphumela eminingana emibi uma isetshenziswa kabi futhi ingapheli, okungaholela ekutheni izinkinga ezinkulu nezinkinga zempilo, kokubili ngenxa yezinguquko zomzimba ezibangelwa yilo mkhiqizo uqobo kanye nezinto ezengeziwe ezingcolisayo kanye nezimo zokuphila ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa.

• Enye yezingozi ezivame kakhulu ukweqisaUkusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kuholela ekubekezeleni okusheshayo kakhulu: umzimba uyajwayela umuthi futhi umuntu uwudinga kakhulu. imithamo ephezulu ukuze kufezwe umphumela ofanayo noma kugwenywe izimpawu zokuhoxa. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokudlula umthamo umzimba ongawubekezelela.
• Ngokusho kwezifundo ezahlukahlukene, iphesenti eliphezulu leziguli ezinalo umlutha liye labhekana nokuphuza utshwala okungenani kanye empilweni yalo, okubonisa ubukhulu bale nkinga.
• Umuthi ungakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe- isithuthwane noma ukuxhuzulakanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma kwengqondoikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini.
• Ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kwesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko kungaholela ezifweni isibindi, ukujikeleza kwegazi, izinso kanye nenhliziyokanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ezingamahlalakhona.
• Uma umuntu enokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, njengasendabeni ye-angioedema noma i-anaphylaxis, kungase kube nenkinga esongela ukuphila. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimo azivamile kakhulu kuneminye imiphumela emibi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intravenous okungapheli kubangela ukubonakala kwe- imithambo enamanxeba noma ewileamathumba, i-phlebitis, kanye nezinye izifo zesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile.
• Izinto ezingaphili zingavimbela imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, isibindi, izinso, noma ubuchophofuthi kubangele ukutheleleka okukhulu kanye nokulimala kulezi zitho zomzimba.

Okokugcina, lolu hlobo lwezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa nezingekho emthethweni ezisetshenziswa ngokujova ngemithambo lunamathuba amaningi okwenza ukudlulisa izifo ezithathelwanayo njenge-HIV, i-hepatitis B no-C, noma ukutheleleka ngamagciwane egazini nasenhliziyweni (i-endocarditis); ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokutheleleka kwendawo kanye nokwesistimu.

Ukuziphendukela esimweni sokuthembela, ukubekezelelana kanye nesifo sokuhoxa

Ekuqaleni, imiphumela ye-heroin ijabulisa kakhulu, okuholela ku- ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswaUkusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe ngokushesha kubangela into ebizwa ngokuthi ukubekezelelaUkuze afinyelele umphumela ofanayo noma agweme izimpawu zokuhoxa, umlutha udinga imithamo ephezulu kakhulu, engaba phezulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunomthamo wokuqala ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iqhawekazi ulahlekelwa ikhono ukukhiqiza izinga lokuqala lenhlalakahle. Umuntu akasadli ukuze azizwe ejabule, kodwa ukuze khulula ukungakhululeki okubangelwa ukungabikho komuthi. Kuleli qophelo, ukuncika ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kunamandla kakhulu.

Ukuyeka ngokuzumayo ukusebenzisa i-heroin kubangela ukubonakala kwe- ukuhoxa kwesifo (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "inkawu"), ebonakala ngeqoqo lezimpawu ezingakhululekile neze, futhi kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ezibucayi ngokwemitholampilo.

Injani ukuhoxiswa kwesifo?

Like the ukuhoxiswa kwesifo kusuka kwamanye ama-opiatesUkulutheka kwe-heroin kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu futhi kungaba nzima kakhulu ukukulawula ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe, yingakho iziguli eziningi eziluthayo noma ezithembele kuzo zilaliswa esibhedlela ukuze zelashwe ngempumelelo nangokucophelela.

• Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kokugcina, abantu bazizwa benamandla isidingo noma isifiso sokudlaokudala ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka, kanye nokufuna ngokweqile le nto.
• Phakathi namahora angaba yisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu ngemva kokuthatha umthamo wokugcina, kuvela izimpawu ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo: ukujuluka okukhulu, ukukhamuluka okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuklebhula.
• Kusukela emahoreni ayishumi nanhlanu kuya osukwini, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu: amagagasi kushisa nokubandai-anorexia, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa ngokuzumayo, i-mydriasis (ukwanda komfundi) kanye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ngemva kosuku lokuqala, kuvela izimpawu ezifana nalezi: ukuqwasha okuphawulekayo, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu bamalunga nemisipha, kanye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemisipha ngendlela evamile.
• Izimpawu zokuhoxa zivame ukufinyelela esicongweni phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-72 ngemva komthamo wokugcina futhi zingahlala izinsuku eziningana. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ezithile zengqondo (ukukhathazeka, i-anhedonia, ukucasuka) zingaqhubeka amasonto.

Nakuba ukuhoxiswa kwe-heroin, uma kuphathwa kahle, ngokuvamile akubangeli impilo engcupheni njengokwezinye izidakamizwa (isib. utshwala noma i-benzodiazepines), okuhlangenwe nakho okubonakalayo kuyingozi. besatshwa kakhulu abantu abayimilutha futhi kungenye yezithiyo ezinkulu zokuyeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa okukhethekile.

Umthelela wengqondo nowenhlalo wokuluthwa yi-heroin

Ngaphandle kwemiphumela engokomzimba, i-heroin inemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo. Kufika isikhathi lapho impilo yonke yomlutha Kugxile ekusesheni, ekutholeni nasekusebenziseni izidakamizwa.

Abathengi abagulayo abagulayo bayayeka ukuzibonakalisa isithakazelo endaweni ebazungezileumndeni wakhe nabangane. Yonke imicabango yakhe ihlala igxile ekusebenziseni i-heroin: ukuthi ungayithola kanjani, ungayikhokhela kanjani, ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kuphi, nokuthi ungazigwema kanjani izimpawu zokuhoxa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu uvame ukuthi:

• Lahla umuzwa wokuzibophezela ngokuphathelene naye kanye nalabo abamzungezile.
• Yeka ukuthobela izidingo zomsebenzi, zezemfundo noma zomndeni.
• Se ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi futhi igcina ukuxhumana okungaphandle nendawo ezungezile kuphela.
• Kudlula ezigabeni ze ukubandlululwa komphakathingezinkinga zomnotho nezomthetho, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ngezimo zokungabi namakhaya noma izindlu eziyingozi kakhulu.

Konke lokhu kudala umjikelezo omubi: ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana, umsebenzi, kanye nokusekelwa kwandisa umuzwa wokuphelelwa yithemba, futhi lokhu, kuqinisa ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokubalekela ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa?

I-Heroin ingasetshenziswa yilabhorethri, odokotela, kanye nabantu ngabanye ngezizathu noma izisusa ezahlukene. Eyokuqala inesibopho salokhu. sebenzisa i-diacetylmorphine ukuhlanganisa ezinye izinhlanganisela zokuqeda izinhlungukanti eyesibili iyisebenzisa ocwaningweni olulawulwa kakhulu noma ezimweni zokwelapha, kanti eyesithathu iyisebenzisa ngokuzijabulisa noma ngokuphoqeleka.

Lokhu kusetshenziswa okubili kokugcina (ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa) yilokho intshisekelo enkulu yezokwelapha kanye neyomphakathi, esikuchaza ngezansi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha komuthi

Kwamanye amazwe, i-diacetylmorphine isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezilawulwa kakhulu. Odokotela abaningana bayayisebenzisa ezindaweni ezilawulwa kakhulu. izifundo zokuqhathanisa ne-morphine ngokwesiko; isibonelo, kwenziwe ucwaningo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelapha abantu abalutha ama-opioid nge i-heroin yemithi emsulwa (ngaphandle kwezinto ezingabangeli ukuphambuka) ezinhlelweni eziqondisiwe, ngenhloso yokunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nemakethe engekho emthethweni nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yabo.

Kulezi zinhlelo, into iphathwa ngaphansi ukulawula okuqinile kwezokwelaphangemithamo elawulwayo, ukulawulwa kwezempilo okuphelele, kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo. Lokhu akusikho okokuzijabulisa, kodwa kuyindlela yokunciphisa umonakalo kubantu abanomlutha ojulile abangasabeli kahle kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezokungcebeleka nokuhlukumeza

Inkinga enkulu ye-heroin Ine- amathuba aphezulu kakhulu okudala umluthaLokhu kusho ukuthi, noma ngabe umuntu ngamunye uzama umuthi ngendlela ebonakala "ngezikhathi ezithile", amathuba okuwusebenzisa futhi ekugcineni abe nomlutha wawo aphezulu kakhulu.

Umuthi ungadliwa ngezindlela ezahlukene amafomu okuphatha, njengokusebenzisa ulimi olungaphansi kolimi, ukuhogela, ukubhema, umlomo, isikhumba, ukujova ngemithambo yegazi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-rectal noma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Lolu hlobo olubanzi lwezindlela luhlelwe ngezindlela eziningana ezithile:

• Kungaba njalo hlafuna into (ngolimi olungaphansi), okuvumela ukuthi kuncibilike ngaphansi kolimi.
• Kungenzeka futhi ukukusebenzisa ngendlela ukuphefumulela noma ukuhogela, okungukuthi, ukuhogela uthuli ngqo ngekhala, okungalimaza imigudu yamakhala.
• Ngendlela ngomlomoKuphuzwa kodwa noma kuhlanganiswe notshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa, okungathuthukisa noma kushintshe imiphumela yako futhi kwandise izingozi.
• Kungaba njalo ukubhema, kungaba ngesinye isithasiselo noma sodwa, lapho ngokuvamile sishiswa khona ku-aluminium foil noma kumapayipi aqanjiwe.
• Kukhona amakhandlela ukusetshenziswa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma i-rectal, yize le ndlela ingavamile.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba kuqukethe hlikihla into ngamandla esikhumbeni, okuvame ukushiya izibazi noma izilonda ezivamile ezigulini eziningi, yize kuyindlela engasebenzi kahle futhi eyingozi.
• Okokugcina, indlela eyinhloko yokusebenzisa yi- umjovo we-intravenousKule ndlela, into ibiliswa ngamanzi, ihlungwe, bese idonswa kwisirinji; ingafakwa kunoma yimuphi umthambo, yize ivame ukwenziwa emalungeni. Le ndlela ikhiqiza ukuphakama okusheshayo nokunamandla, kodwa ithwala izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu zokuthi ukudlula ngokweqile kanye nezifo.

Yimiphi imithamo esetshenzisiwe?

Umthamo ovame ukudliwa ekuqaleni useduze 7 amamiligremuKodwa-ke, lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umuntu uzwela kangakanani ama-opiate, ubumsulwa bento, kanye nendlela yokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kabi isikhathi eside, umuntu cishe uzodinga imithamo engaphezu [kwenani eliphezulu lemithamo]. 30 amamiligremu noma ngaphezulu ukuze uqaphele imiphumela efanayo.

Ngenxa yokubekezelelana okukhula ngenxa yokuncika emithini, umthamo unganda kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwanda kwenza kube lula ukuthi kwenzeke ukusabela. ukweqisa noma ukuthi kungase kuvele izinkinga ezinkulu (umonakalo wezitho zomzimba, izifo, izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zokuphefumula) ezingaholela ekufeni.

Izinkinga zezokwelapha zokusebenzisa i-heroin isikhathi eside

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-heroin okungapheli akuthinti nje kuphela ubuchopho nokuziphatha, kodwa futhi kuthinta nezimbangela umonakalo ezithweni nasezinhlelweni eziningi:

• Imithambo enamanxeba noma egobileUkusetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwendlela yokufaka imithambo yegazi kubangela ukuvuvukala, ukuqina, kanye nokuwa kwemithambo yegazi, okwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela emithanjeni yegazi futhi kube kubi kakhulu ukujikeleza kwegazi.
• Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kwemithambo yegazi kanye nenhliziyo (i-endocarditis), okungaba yingozi empilweni futhi kudinge ukuhlinzwa.
• Amathumba kanye nezifo kwesikhumba kanye nezicubu ezithambile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokujova.
• Isifo sesibindi, njenge-hepatitis ebangelwa yigciwane kanye nomonakalo wesibindi onobuthi, okungaqhubekela ekubeni yi-cirrhosis.
• Isifo sezinsookuhlobene kokubili ubuthi obuqondile kanye nokutheleleka kanye nezinkinga zomzimba.
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu, njenge-pneumonia ephindaphindayo, i-bronchitis engapheli noma isifo sofuba, okuthandwa umphumela wokucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukubhema okuhambisanayo kanye nezimo zokuhlanzeka ezingezinhle.
• Izinkinga zemisipha namalunga, okuhlanganisa ubuhlungu obungapheli kanye nezinkinga zamathambo ezibangelwa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba ezidakamizweni ezingabangeli ukuvuvukala.
• Ukulimala kwekhala uma uphefumula, okuhlanganisa ukucasuka okungapheli, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, kanye nokubhoboka kwe-septum.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwezinto ezingancibiliki ngokuphelele kungavimbela imithambo yegazi ezithwala igazi liye emaphashini, esibindini, ezinso nasebuchosheni, okungabangela ukuvuvukala okuncane, ukufa kwezindawo ezincane zezicubu, kanye nokusabela komzimba okubonakala sengathi isifo samathambo noma ezinye izinkinga zamathambo.

Ukwabelana ngesirinji noma eminye imishini yokujova, kanye nokwenza ucansi olungavikelekile, kuthwala ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka. I-HIV, i-hepatitis B kanye ne-Ckanye nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngegazi noma uketshezi lomzimba. Abantu abaluthayo bangadlulisela lezi zifo kubalingani babo bocansi, futhi uma bekhulelwe, embungwini.

Ukwelashwa kweziguli eziyimilutha ye-heroin

I-Heroin ibhekwa njenge- umuthi onzimaLokhu kungenxa yokuthi inesinye sezikolo eziphakeme kakhulu esikalini sokuthembela, umlutha, kanye nokubekezelelana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziguli eziningi eziyisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe zixhomekeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo; ngaphezu kwalokho, zithuthukisa ukubekezelelana ngokushesha futhi zidinga ukusebenzisa imithamo emikhulu ngokwengeziwe.

Naphezu kobucayi bokulutheka, kungenzeka ukukwenza ukwelashwa okusebenzayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuyeka izidakamizwa futhi yakha kabusha impilo yakhoKubalulekile ukuthi umuntu azi ukuthi umonakalo obangelwe ngenxa yalesi sidakamizwa nokuthi bayasamukela isidingo sokuyeka ukuyisebenzisa, yize lokhu kuqashelwa kuvame ukwakhiwa kancane kancane ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelapha uqobo.

Indlela yamanje incoma ukuhlanganiswa kwe ukwelashwa kwemithi kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondokanye nokungenelela komphakathi kanye nomndeni. Phakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kukhona izinhlelo zokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni, i-methadone, i-buprenorphine, i-naltrexone, i-naloxone ezimweni zokudlula ngokweqile, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ngokuziphatha.

• Uhlelo lokususa ubuthiUkwelashwa kufana nokweminye imithi, lapho isiguli sisizwa khona ukuyeka ukusebenzisa futhi izimpawu zokuhoxa ziyalashwa. Ngokuvamile kusebenza kangcono uma umuntu ehlala esibhedlela amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningana endaweni ephephile neqashwe kahle.
• I-MetadonaKungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezindala kakhulu ze-heroin. Kuyi-opioid esebenza isikhathi eside evame ukunikezwa ngomlomo. Umgomo wayo uwukuthi gwema izimpawu zokuhoxa futhi kuncishiswe izifiso eziphoqelelayo ngaphandle kokukhiqiza amazinga aphezulu enjabulo ajwayelekile e-heroin. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo.
• I-BuprenorphineKuyi-agonist ye-opioid engaphelele ekhiqiza imiphumela efana neyezinye i-opiates, kodwa ngamandla amancane kanye nomphumela ophansi onciphisa ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile. Kusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zokuhoxa nokulawula izifiso.
• I-Naltrexone ne-naloxoneI-Naltrexone isetshenziswa njenge- umphikisi we-opioid Esikhathini esimaphakathi neside, ivimbela imiphumela ye-heroin kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokubulala amagciwane, kuyilapho i-naloxone igcinelwe ukwelashwa kwe- ukudlula ngokweqile okukhuluUkuhlanganisa le mithi ohlelweni lokwelapha oluphelele kungasiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukubuyela emuva kwesifo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubikezela.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo

I-Los ukwelashwa kokuziphatha (i-psychotherapy) kusiza ukuguqula izimo zengqondo kanye nokuziphatha okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okuphatha izimo ezicindezelayo kanye nezinto ezibangela ukuphinda umlutha.

Ezinye ze ukungenelela okuvamile kakhulu Yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, okufundisa indlela yokubona nokushintsha imicabango kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha ezikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa.
• Ingxoxo ekhuthazayookusiza ukwandisa isisusa sangaphakathi sokushintsha kanye nokunamathela ekwelashweni.
• Izinhlelo zokuqinisa kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo, lapho kunikezwa khona izikhuthazo zokuhlala ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa futhi uhlangabezana nemigomo yokwelapha.
• Amaqembu okusekela kanye nokuzisizalapho abantu babelana khona ngolwazi kanye namasu okululama.
• Ukwelashwa komndeniokuyisisekelo sokusebenza ekuxhumaneni, imingcele, kanye nokwakha kabusha ubudlelwano obonakele.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi detoxation kumane nje isinyathelo sokuqala yenqubo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuphelele okubhekana nezimbangela eziyisisekelo, izici zemvelo, kanye nobunzima obungokomzwelo, ingozi yokubuyela emuva ihlala iphezulu kakhulu.

Ukulandelela kwesikhathi eside, ngokubuyekezwa njalo kanye nokufinyelela izinsiza zokusekela, kunegalelo elikhulu ku- ukunciphisa ukuphinda ubuye futhi ugcine ukuphuza okuzinzile.

Sithemba ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe mayelana nalesi sidakamizwa sezokwelapha nesokuzijabulisa, nemiphumela yaso emibi kanye namazinga aphezulu okuncika, ukubekezelelana, kanye nokulutha, kukusize ukuthi uqonde kangcono izingozi zaso. Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe ebhekene nokusetshenziswa kwe-heroin okuyinkinga, Funa usizo olukhethekile ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungenza umehluko omkhulu emathubeni okululama kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yesikhathi esizayo.