Igama lakhe nguDamián Alcolea , ungumlingisi waseSpain, futhi unesifo sokungalawuleki kwengqondo. Lesi sifo sengqondo singakhubaza kakhulu . Ngemizuzwana embalwa nje, uzobona futhi uzwe inkulumo uDamián ayinikeza emcimbini we-TEDxMadrid, engiwutholile muva nje ngenxa yewebhusayithi ye-Upsocl.
Inkulumo yabo ihlala imizuzu emi-3 kuphela kodwa igcwele imizwa.
Kubonakala sengathi uDamian unezinhloso ezimbili engqungqutheleni: ukwembula emhlabeni ukuthi une-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) ngaleyo ndlela azizwe ekhululekile "ngokuphuma ekhabetheni"; kanye nomgomo wesibili, ukuqwashisa izilaleli zakhe ukuthi ziyeke ukucwasa izifo zengqondo:
Ukuze ubone ukuthi umuntu onesifo sokungalawuleki kwengqondo uziphatha kanjani, vele ubukele ifilimu ethi "As Good As It Gets ," ngiyayincoma... kodwa uma ufuna ukubona umuntu wangempela phakathi kwenkinga, bheka :
Ukuhleka kwabantu abaqopha lesi sigameko kuyadabukisa.
UDamián Alcolea ubhale incwadi enesihloko esithi "Touched" lapho elandisa khona okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngalesi sifo ngokuzikhukhumeza. Ungayithenga ku -Amazon.
3 imininingwane yezibalo ngalesi sifo.
1) I-OCD ivame ukuba yisifo esingamahlalakhona esibangela ukubuyela emuva. Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokusiza abantu abane-OCD.
2) I-OCD ithinta amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo.
3) I-OCD ivame ukuqala ngesikhathi sobusha noma ebuntwaneni; okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamacala e-OCD yabantu abadala aqala ebuntwaneni.
Iyini i-obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile (OCD) yisimo sesikhathi eside esibonakala ngemicabango ephazamisayo nephindaphindayo (ukuzikhukhumeza), ukuziphatha okuphindaphindayo (ukuzikhukhumeza), noma kokubili. Lezi zimpawu zidla isikhathi, zibangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu , futhi ziphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke; noma kunjalo, kukhona ukwelashwa okutholakalayo okungasiza ekulawuleni lezi zinkinga nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
Izimpawu nezimpawu: obsessions kanye nokuphoqeleka
Ukuzidela kuyimicabango engafuneki , ephindaphindayo, izithombe, noma imizwa ebangela ukukhathazeka. Kungafaka: ukwesaba amagciwane/ukungcola , ukwesaba ukukhohlwa noma ukulahlekelwa okuthile, imizwa yokuzilimaza wena noma abanye, imicabango engavunyelwe ngocansi noma inkolo , noma isidingo esikhulu sokuhleleka nokulingana.
Ukuphoqelelwa yizenzo noma amasiko enziwa ukuzama ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka: ukuwasha ngokweqile, ukuhlola okuphindaphindiwe (ukukhiya, izinto zikagesi), uku-oda ngokucophelela , ukubala, ukuthandaza, noma ukuphindaphinda amazwi buthule. Ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi futhi zingahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Abantu abaningi bagwema izimo ezibangela ukucindezeleka noma bafuna impumuzo otshwaleni/ezidakamizweni. Abantu abadala bavame ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphoqelelwa akunangqondo; ezinganeni, ngokuvamile amalungu omndeni noma othisha ababona izimpawu.
Izici zobungozi kanye nokuhlukahluka komtholampilo
Izakhi zofuzo : Ukuba nezihlobo zezinga lokuqala ezine-OCD kwandisa ingozi, yize kungekho gene eyodwa etholakele. Ibhayoloji : Umehluko kumanethiwekhi e-fronto-subcortical ahilelekile ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kanye nezimpendulo zemizwa. Isimo Sengqondo : Izici zokuthiba, umthelela omubi , kanye nokukhathazeka kwasekuqaleni kwandisa amathuba. Ukulimala ebuntwaneni : Kuye kwabonwa ukuhlangana nezimpawu eziphoqelela ngokweqile.
Kwabantwana, lapho izimpawu zivela noma ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo ngemva kokutheleleka nge-streptococcal , ukuxilongwa kwe-PANDAS (uhlobo lwe-autoimmune) kungacatshangelwa.
Izinhlobo ezincane ezivamile zifaka : ukungcola, ukuphindaphinda, ukuhleleka/ukulingana, ukungabaza nokuhlola, imicabango ephazamisayo, kanye nokwesaba okungenangqondo (ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula nokudala umonakalo ngaphandle kwenhloso yangempela).
Ukuxilongwa nokuhlolwa komtholampilo
Ukuxilongwa kungaba nzima ngenxa yokuhlangana nokukhathazeka nokudangala , kanye nangenxa yehlazo elivimbela abantu ukuthi babike ukucindezelwa kanye nokuphoqelelwa. Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimbangela kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo. Ngokwezindlela zokuxilonga, izimpawu kumele zithathe isikhathi (isb., ngaphezu kwehora elilodwa ngosuku ), zibangele ukucindezeleka noma ziphazamise ukusebenza komphakathi noma komsebenzi, futhi zingachazwa kangcono yizinto noma ezinye izimo.
Ukwelashwa okusekelwe ebufakazini
Ukwelapha Ngengqondo : Ukwelapha ngokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) kusiza ukuhlonza nokuphonsela inselelo amaphethini emicabango ayingozi . Ukuvimbela Ukudalulwa Nokuphendula (i-ERP) kuyindlela ejwayelekile: ihilela ukuveza kancane kancane umuntu ezintweni ezimbangela (isib. ukuthinta izindawo ezingcolile) nokuvimbela ukwenza isiko, ukuze ukukhathazeka kunciphe ngokuzijwayeza. Ezinganeni, ukusebenza nemindeni nezikole kubalulekile.
Imithi : Ama-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) ayindlela yokuqala yokwelapha. Ukuthuthuka kungathatha amasonto ambalwa , futhi imithamo ephezulu ivame ukudingeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka. Kubalulekile ukungayeki ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokugadwa nokulungisa umthamo ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha : Ukushukunyiswa kwamagnetic kwe-Transcranial ( TMS ) kusetshenziswa ezimweni ezingamelani nokucindezeleka njengokwelashwa okungangenisi umfutho okuqondiswe kumasekethe athile . Ukushukunyiswa kobuchopho obujulile kungacatshangwa ku-OCD enzima kakhulu, engaphikisi; ezimweni zempilo yengqondo, kusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezinhlaka ezikhethekile zokulawula , futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuyaqhubeka nokuphenywa.
Ukuhlala ne-OCD: Ukusekela ngaphandle kokuqinisa ukucindezelwa
Ukuhlala nomuntu one-OCD kudinga imfundo yengqondo , ukubeka imingcele, kanye nokuxhumana kwezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi umndeni uwela esimweni sokwamukela (ukuhlanganyela emasikweni) noma ukuqinisekiswa njalo (“akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka”), okuqhubela phambili umjikelezo wokuzidela nokucindezela . Kungcono ukuqinisekisa imizwa, ukunciphisa kancane kancane nangokuvumelana amasiko , nokukhuthaza ukubekezelelana kokungaqiniseki.
Isibonelo esingokoqobo: Ekhaya elinokwesaba ukungcola, kungafakwa izinqubo eziningi "zokuhlanza" ukungcola, kulimaze ubudlelwano kanye nempilo. Ukungenelela kochwepheshe, kanye nemithi uma kufaneleka kanye ne-EPR (Uhlelo Lokuvimbela Eziphuthumayo), kuphawula ushintsho.
Amaphutha avamile namakhono asebenzayo
Amaphutha avamile: ukugwema njalo, ukufuna ukuqiniseka okuphelele , ukucela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuqinisekiswa, " ukulungisa " ukukhathazeka, ukwandisa ukuzihlola , nokuzisola ngokuzizwa kabi. Amakhono awusizo: ukuhlonza amaphethini okucabanga ngokweqile , ukubambezela/ukuphazamisa impendulo, ukuklama izindlela zokuziphatha ezihlukile , ukuvezwa okuhleliwe, ukuzijwayeza ukulawula imizwa , nokugcwalisa isikhala sengqondo ngemikhuba enempilo.
Izimo ezijwayelekile (izingathekiso zasemtholampilo)
1) Izindaba kanye nokulimala: Ngemva kokufunda ngezenzakalo zobudlova, kuvela umcabango othi " kuthiwani uma...? ", oholela ekugwemeni amaphephandaba kanye nezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi. I-CBT/EPR (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) ibhekana nokuhlolwa kabusha kwemicabango kanye nokuvezwa kwayo. 2) Ukungcola: Ukwesaba izinambuzane noma ukungcola kuguqula izicathulo namasokisi kube "izinto ezingcolile," okuholela emasikweni okuzisusa noma ukuzilahla. 3) Ukufa nezinto: Ithawula lingahlotshaniswa nezithombe zokufa; kuqeqeshwa ukubekezelela isithombe esiphazamisayo ngaphandle kwesiko.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwabantu abane-OCD kanye nenethiwekhi yabo yosekelo
Awukhethi imicabango yakho , kodwa ukhetha impendulo yakho eqeqeshiwe. I-OCD ayikuchazi ukuthi ungubani; awuwedwa, futhi ingelashwa ngempumelelo. Ukugwema kunikeza impumuzo yesikhashana kodwa kuyayiqhubekisela phambili inkinga . Ukusekelwa komphakathi okunolwazi kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqinisa ukuphoqeleka futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uqhubekele phambili naphezu kokungabaza.
Uma usola i-OCD kuwe noma kothandekayo wakho, xhumana nochwepheshe . Ngolwazi olunembile, ukwelashwa okuhlelekile, kanye nendawo enciphisa ukusabela, kungenzeka ukubuyisela amaphrojekthi, ubudlelwano, kanye nenhlalakahle, ukuhlonipha ubufakazi obufana nobukaDamian nokuguqula ukucwaswa kube ukuqonda.