Izinkondlo ze-Surrealist yilezo zesikhathi lapho kwavela khona ukunyakaza kwe-surrealist , okwaqala eFrance ngenxa ye-Dadaism kanye nembongi u-André Breton.
Igama elithi “surrealism” laqanjwa okokuqala nguGuillaume Apollinaire ngo-1917. Ngokusho komFulentshi, imvelaphi yalo isho ukuthi “ngaphezulu noma ngale kokuba ngokoqobo ,” okubonisa into edlula iqiniso, njengomdwebo obonisa indoda esebenzisa izithelo kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ingqikithi yalokhu okubhaliwe izinkondlo ze-surrealism, ngakho-ke sizokhuluma ngezinye zezici zayo ezimele kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nohlu.
Emkhakheni wezincwadi, le nhlangano (njengeningi) yayibhekwa njengoguquko olushintshe indlela ulimi olwalusetshenziswa ngayo futhi yanikela ngamasu okubhala imisebenzi eyayingekho endulo. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo zezincwadi ( izinkondlo, izindatshana, imidlalo , phakathi kwezinye) zazuza ngempela.
- Abalobi be-surrealism bayeke ukusebenzisa imitha, ukuze banikeze indlela ivesi nevesi lamahhala, uhlobo olubanzi olungenalo imvumelwano eqinile.
- Babemboziwe izindikimba eziningi zabantu, kokubili ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo, okuhlanganisa ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi, isifiso, usizi, kanye nokugxekwa kwezepolitiki.
- Ulimi lushintshile ngeqiniso lokuthi ababhali bakwazile ukusebenzisa izichazamazwi ezintsha zezihloko ezintsha kuzoxoxwa ngakho; kanti inkulumo-ze yahambisana namasu okuveza aqalayo.
Kuyini ukukholelwa ezintweni ezingezona ezemibhalo futhi kungani kwaguqula izinkondlo?
I-Surrealism yayingenye yezindlela zobuhle ezazithonya kakhulu zekhulu lama-20 . Nakuba yaqala eParis no-André Breton kanye nezinye izimbongi ezisencane, ifa layo lasakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke futhi lahlala amashumi eminyaka. Kwakungeyona nje imfashini yobuciko: yayisebenza njengoguquko lwangempela lomcabango nokuzwela.
Leli gama libhekisela esimweni esingaphezu kokuba ngokoqobo. I-Surrealism ihlose ukukhululwa kobuciko , okuvezwa ngaphandle kokungenelela kwesizathu noma unembeza oqaphile. Le ndlela iphakamisa ukuqeda imithetho emisiwe nokwakha isilinganiso esisha sezindinganiso ezisekelwe kokumangalisayo, okufana nephupho, kanye nokungazi.
Esikhundleni sokubonakalisa iqiniso njengoba silibona siphapheme, ama-Surrealists abuza ukuthi kwenzekani lapho ingqondo iphupha, iphupha, noma ihlobanisa izithombe ngaphandle kokuhlunga okunengqondo. Kulokhu kuthakasela kwavela izithombe ezinamandla ezifana "nokuhlangana okungaqondakali komshini wokuthunga kanye nesambulela etafuleni lokuhlikihla ," inkulumo eyaqanjwa yi-Count of Lautréamont eyaba yisiqubulo senhlangano.
Amathonya emfundiso ye-surrealism: kusukela ku-psychoanalysis kuya ku-pataphysics
Imibono ye-Surrealist ayiveli ezeni. Kolunye uhlangothi, yondliwa ngumqondo kaSigmund Freud wokungazi lutho , kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, yi -pataphysics ka-Alfred Jarry , leyo sayensi ecatshangelwayo yezixazululo ezithile ezazihlekisa nge-logic emisiwe.
UFreud wayekhombisile ukuthi ngaphansi kokubonakala okunengqondo komuntu siqu kukhona indawo yezifiso ezicindezelwe, amaphupho, ukushelela kolimi, kanye nezimpawu. I-Surrealism yamukela lo mbono futhi igcizelela ukuthi umongo wangempela wempilo yengqondo awukho engqondweni, kodwa kulolo ngqimba olungaphansi komhlaba lwezithombe ezivela emaphusheni nasezinhlanganweni ezikhululekile. Ngakho-ke, amaphupho aba yizinto zobunkondlo ezinelungelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlangano yathatha umsebenzi wokusindisa izimbongi ezithile zaseFrance ezazibhekwa njengezibikezelo ngenxa yesibindi sazo sokuqamba: uRimbaud, uMallarmé, u-Apollinaire (abaqamba kuye igama labo), kanye noLautréamont . Kulaba bamuva, bathola isisho sokuthi izinkondlo kufanele zenziwe yiwo wonke umuntu, kanye nombono wakhe okhethekile wokuhlangenwe nakho kobuhle njengokungqubuzana okunamandla kwamaqiniso ahlukene.
Uma zihlanganiswa, lezi zithonya zaholela abantu abakholelwa ezintweni ezingokoqobo ukuba baphikisane ngokuthi ubuciko akufanele bubonise iqiniso, kodwa kunalokho kufanele buphinde busungulwe , buvumele ingqondo engaphansi kwengqondo ikhulume futhi ibheje ngezinto ezingavamile.
Amasu e-Surrealist asetshenziswa ezinkondlweni
Ukuze bafeze imigomo yabo, izimbongi ezingososayensi basungula uchungechunge lwamasu okudala asele emlandweni wobuciko nezincwadi futhi asasetshenziswa nanamuhla ngababhali abaningi besimanje.
Ukubhala okuzenzakalelayo
Indlela eyisisekelo kwakuwukubhala okuzenzakalelayo , okwakufuna ukuveza ingqondo yakho engaphansi kwengqondo ngaphandle kokucabanga ngamabomu. Inqubo yayihlanganisa ukubhala ngaphandle kokuma, ngaphandle kokulungisa, ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ipeni, ukuvumela amagama ageleze njengasesibizweni sangaphakathi.
Le ndlela yasetshenziswa kokubili kuphrozi nakumavesi, okwaholela emibhalweni lapho kusekelwa khona ingqondo yendabuko futhi amandla ezithombe, umsindo, ukuhlangana okukhululekile, kanye nesigqi sangaphakathi sengqondo. Imisebenzi efana ne- *Magnetic Fields* ka-André Breton noPhilippe Soupault iyizibonelo ezibonisa indlela yokwenza lo mkhuba.
Isidumbu esihle
Enye inqubo ethandwa kakhulu kwakuyisidumbu esihle kakhulu , esasihlanganisa ukwakheka kweqembu. Umhlanganyeli ngamunye wayebhala umusho (noma enze umdwebo) ephepheni, aligoqe ukuze afihle ingxenye noma konke ababekubhalile, bese elidlulisela kumuntu olandelayo, owayeqhubeka engazi ukuthi yini eyayifikile ngaphambili. Ekugcineni, iphepha lavuleka, lembula umbhalo noma isithombe esilawulwa yinhlanhla , lokho amaSurrealists akubiza ngokuthi “ithuba eliqondile.”
Ngale ndlela, inhloso kwakuwukucindezela intando yomuntu ngamunye nokuvumela umsebenzi ukuthi uvele ekuhlanganisweni okungalindelekile kwezingqondo ezahlukene. Isisho esidumile esithi "Isidumbu esimnandi sizophuza iwayini elisha" savela komunye wale midlalo futhi saba yisiqubulo senhlangano.
Ivesi nevesi lamahhala
Ukungahloniphi kwamaSurrealists izinhlobo zakudala zokuhumusha amagama kwabaholela ekutheni bathande ivesi elikhululekile , elingenayo i-rhyme noma i-fixed meter. Abaningi baphinde bazama i- versicle , iyunithi enobude obuguquguqukayo, phakathi kwevesi neprozi, evumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombe ezinde neziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuzinqamula ngokuzumayo.
Le nkululeko esemthethweni yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi i-syntax ihlukane, izithombe ziqoqeke, kanye nezwi lenkondlo liphefumulele isigqi somcabango , hhayi isigqi semitha yendabuko.
Ukuhlangana okungavamile nezithombe ezifana namaphupho
Ngokuphathelene nezithombe, ama-Surrealists abonakala ngokuhlanganisa amaqiniso, empeleni, angahlobene nhlobo. Ngemva kwesifundo sikaLautréamont, ubuhle be-Surrealist bulele ekungqubuzaneni kwezinto ezingafani : i-violin kanye ne-rape ku-Gherasim Luca, umshini wokuthunga kanye nesambulela, ingelosi eguqe phezu kwe-asphalt yasemadolobheni e-Oliverio Girondo.
Ngakho-ke, inkondlo igcwele izigcawu ezifana namaphupho , ukuguquka kwesimo, izinto eziphila, kanye nezimpawu ezingacacile umfundi angeke azinciphise zibe yincazelo eyodwa.
I-Surrealism, ezombusazwe kanye nokuvukela
Nakuba i-surrealism ihlotshaniswa kakhulu namaphupho kanye nokungazi lutho, yayinengxenye enamandla yezepolitiki kanye neyoguquko . Amalungu ayo amaningi, eholwa yiBreton, amukela ubukhomanisi kanye ne-anarchism, eqiniseka ukuthi ukuguqulwa kobuciko kufanele kuhambisane nokuguqulwa komphakathi.
Lokhu kucabanga kwadala ukungezwani kwangaphakathi, ukuxoshwa, kanye nokuhlukana, kwaze kwaba yilapho uBreton eqanjwa ngokuthi “ upapa we-Surrealism ” ngenxa yokuthambekela kwakhe ekuxosheni abaphikisi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalabo abaxoshwa—njengoPhilippe Soupault noRobert Desnos—baqhubeka nokukhiqiza izinkondlo ezaziphawulwa umoya we-Surrealism.
Kunoma ikuphi, le nhlangano yasheshe yaqashelwa futhi yasebenza njengogqozi lwezinkondlo , amanoveli, imidwebo, izithombe eziqoshiwe, namafilimu . Abantu abanjengoLuis Buñuel kumafilimu, uSalvador Dalí noMax Ernst ekudwebeni, kanye no-Artaud kwezemidlalo, bandise imingcele yabo ngale kwezinkondlo.
Uhlu lwezinkondlo ezimele kakhulu ze-surrealist
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, cishe ngo-1920, kwavela inani elikhulu lezimbongi ezikholelwa kulokho okwenzekayo , zakhiqiza imisebenzi emangalisayo ngempela. Ekuqaleni, sithola u-André Breton (owayengumsunguli walolu guquko), kodwa asinakubashaya indiva abanye abasekeli bokunyakaza njengoPaul Éluard, uBenjamin Péret, uFederico García Lorca, uLouis Aragon, u-Octavio Paz, uGuillaume Apollinaire, uPhilippe Soupault, u-Antonin Artaud, u-Oliverio Girondo, no-Alejandra Pizarnik; esizokhetha kubo eminye yemisebenzi yabo evelele kakhulu.
"Isibuko Sesikhashana" — uPaul Éluard
UPaul Éluard wayengomunye wamazwi anethonya kakhulu e-Surrealism , futhi kwabaningi, wayengomunye wezimbongi zayo ezinkulu. Imibhalo yakhe ihlola uthando, inkululeko, ukumelana kwezepolitiki, kanye nokuqonda kwemizwa, njalo ngolimi olucwengekile olugcwele izithombe ezihlaba umxhwele.
Susa usuku
khombisa abesilisa izithombe ezisuswe ekubukekeni,
kuthatha amadoda ithuba lokuphazamiseka,
Kunzima njengetshe,
itshe elingenakubunjwa,
itshe lokuhamba nokubona,
futhi inokukhanya okungathi zonke izikhali
futhi zonke izimaski zikhohlisiwe.
Okuthathwe yisandla
deigns ukuthatha ukuma kwesandla,
obekuqondwa akusekho,
inyoni ididekile nomoya,
izulu neqiniso lalo,
umuntu ngeqiniso lakhe.
"Allo" — Benjamin Peret
UBenjamin Péret, umngane oseduze ka-Apollinaire, uBreton, no-Aragon, wayengumbongi onemicabango engenamkhawulo kanye nokuphila okuphithizelayo, ophawulwa yizimo zakhe zezombusazwe eziqinile. Izinkondlo zakhe zihlanganisa amahlaya, ubulili, ubudlova, kanye nobubele ekugelezeni kwezithombe okunganqamuki.
Indiza yami isha, isigodlo sami sigcwala iwayini iRhine
i-ghetto yami yeminduze emnyama indlebe yami yekristalu
idwala lami ligingqika eweni ukuchoboza abaqaphi bezwe
umnenke wami we-opal umoya wami omnandi
inyoni yami yepharadesi igwebe izinwele zami ezimnyama zegwebu
ithuna lami eliqhekekile imvula yami yesikhonyane esibomvu
isiqhingi sami esindizayo umvini wami oluluhlaza
ukushayisana kwemoto yami ehlanyayo neqaphile umbhede wami wasendle
i-eilrum pistil yami ivezwe esweni lami
isibani sami se-tulip ebuchosheni
insephe yami yalahleka e-cinema kuma-boulevards
ibhokisi lami lelanga izithelo zami zentaba-mlilo
ichibi lami elifihlekile lihleka lapho abaprofethi abaphazamisekile baminza khona
umfula wami we-cassis uvemvane wami we-morel
impophoma yami eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengegagasi elingemuva elizala intwasahlobo
isibhamu sami samakhorali omlomo waso ungidonsela okomlomo womthombo oduma phezulu
iqandisiwe njengesibuko lapho ucabanga khona ukundiza kwe-hummingbirds ekubukeni kwakho
ngilahlekelwe ngumbukiso wezingubo zangaphansi womama ngiyakuthanda
"Nginokuthile engifuna ukukusho, ngiyazitshela" — Federico García Lorca
UFederico García Lorca, nakuba engeyena ilungu elisemthethweni leqembu lama-French Surrealist, wafaka amasu amaningi kanye nemifanekiso yakhe ezincwadini ezifana ne- *Poet in New York* . Izinkondlo zakhe zama-surrealist zihlola usizi, ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu emadolobheni, kanye nenkinga yobunikazi.
Kumele ngisho okuthile engizitshela khona
Amagama ancibilika emlonyeni wakho
Amaphiko angamaraki amajazi ngokuzumayo
Lapho ukukhala kwehla khona isandla siyakhula
Othile ubulala igama lethu ngokwencwadi
Ngubani owakhiphe amehlo esithombe?
Ngubani owabeka lolu limi nxazonke ze-
Uyakhala?
Nginokuthile engizokusho ngiyazitshela
Futhi ngigcwala izinyoni ngaphandle
Izindebe eziwa njengezibuko Lapha
Ngaphakathi lapho amabanga ahlangana
Le nyakatho noma le eningizimu iso
Ngihlala eduze kwami
Ngilapha lapho phakathi kwezinhlanga zenyama
Phandle obala
Ngokuthile engingakusho ngizitshela
I-Mystic Carlitos - uLouis Aragon
ULouis Aragon, umsunguli wephephabhuku i -Littérature noBreton and Soupault, wayengumuntu obalulekile ku-French Surrealism. Izinkondlo zakhe zihlanganisa amahlaya, ukugxekwa komphakathi, kanye nezigcawu ezingenangqondo ezichitha iqiniso lansuku zonke.
Ikheshi lehla njalo ngaze ngaphelelwa umoya
Futhi iladi lalikhuphuka njalo
Le ntokazi ayizwisisi okushiwoyo
Kungamanga
Sengivele ngiphuphe ngikhuluma naye ngothando
Hawu umabhalane
Kuhlekisa ngamadevu akhe nangamashiya akhe
Okwenziwe
Kukhala isililo lapho ngibadonsa
Kuyaxaka lokho
Yini engiyibonayo? Lowo mfokazi ohloniphekile
Nkosi angiyena umuntu wesifazane okhanyayo
Uh kubi
Ngenhlanhla thina
Sinezikhwama zesikhumba sengulube
I-Foolproof
Ingabe
Amashumi amabili amadola
Futhi iqukethe inkulungwane
Njalo uhlelo olufanayo
Futhi ungalinganisi
Noma umqondo
Isihloko esibi
"Qeda Konke" - u-Octavio Paz
U-Octavio Paz, imbongi yaseMexico kanye nowathola umklomelo weNobel, wahlanganyela eduze ne-Surrealism, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yakhe yokuqala. Emibhalweni efana nalena, izithombe ezibonisa umbono kanye nevesi elikhululekile limvumela ukuthi aveze ukucabanga okungokoqobo nokugxekayo emhlabeni.
Nginike, ilangabi elingabonakali, inkemba ebandayo,
intukuthelo yakho ephikelelayo,
ukuqeda konke,
oh umhlaba owomile,
oh wopha umhlaba,
ukuqeda konke.
Ukushisa, ukufiphala, ukusha ngaphandle kwamalangabi,
buthuntu futhi kuvutha umlilo,
umlotha netshe eliphilayo,
ugwadule olungenalo ugu.
Kusha esibhakabhakeni esikhulu, ifulegi nefu,
ngaphansi kwelambu elingaboni kahle
phakathi kwamatshe oyinyumba.
Kusha isizungu esisembulayo,
izwe lamatshe avuthayo,
yezimpande ezibandayo nezomile.
Ukuvutha, ukufutheka okufihliwe,
umlotha ohlanya,
shisa ngokungabonakali, shisa
njengoba ulwandle olungenamandla luzala amafu,
amagagasi afana nentukuthelo negwebu lamatshe.
Uyasha phakathi kwamathambo ami amahle.kusha ngaphakathi komoya ongenalutho,
ihhavini elingabonakali nelimsulwa;
kuvutha njengoba isikhathi sishisa,
isikhathi sihamba kanjani phakathi kokufa,
ngezinyathelo zakhe nangomoya wakhe;
kuvutha njengesizungu ekushwabadelayo,
uvuthe ngaphakathi kuwe, uvutha ngaphandle kwelangabi,
ukuba wedwa ngaphandle kwesithombe, ukoma ngaphandle kwezindebe.
Ukuqeda konke
oh umhlaba owomile,
ukuqeda konke.
«Indiza» - Guillaume Apollinaire
UGuillaume Apollinaire ubhekwa njengomuntu oqondile owandulela i-Surrealism . Kule nkondlo, uzindla ngokuhlekisa nangokusebenzisa amagama engoma ngokudalwa kwegama elithi "indiza" kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kolimi, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinkondlo.
Yini oyenzile, French, nge-Ader emoyeni?
Igama elilodwa kwakungelakhe, manje lutho.
Waqinisa amalungu e-asceticism,
ngolimi lwesiFulentshi ngaphandle kwegama,
bese u-Ader eba yimbongi bese ebabiza ngendiza.
O bantu baseParis, nina, Marseilles naseLyon;
nonke nina mifula nezintaba zaseFrance,
Abahlala emadolobheni nani bantu basemaphandleni ...
ithuluzi lokundiza libizwa ngendiza.
Izwi elimnandi ebelizojabulisa uVillon;
izimbongi ezizayo zizokubeka emilolotelweni yazo.
Cha, amaphiko akho, u-Ader, abengaziwa
lapho osebenzela uhlelo lolimi efika ukuzokwazi,
ukwakha igama lesifundiswa ngaphandle kwanoma yini enomoya
lapho ikhefu elinzima kanye nembongolo elihambisana nalo (aeropl -ane )
bakha igama elide, njengegama lesiJalimane.
Kwakudingeka ukuhleba nezwi lika-Ariel
ukuqamba insimbi esisa ezulwini.
Ukububula komoya, inyoni esikhaleni,
futhi yigama lesiFulentshi elidlula emilonyeni yethu.
Indiza! Vumela indiza iye phezulu emoyeni
ukuntweza phezu kwezintaba, ukuwela izilwandle
ngisho nokuqhubeka nokulahleka.
Makalandelele umsele waphakade e-ether,
kepha ake siyigcine igama elithambile lendiza,
ngenxa yalelo gama lesidlaliso izinhlamvu zalo ezinhlanu ezinekhono
babenamandla okuvula isibhakabhaka esihambayo.
Yini oyenzile, French, nge-Ader emoyeni?
Igama elilodwa kwakungelakhe, manje lutho.
"Ngasebusuku" - uPhilippe Soupault
UPhilippe Soupault wayengumuntu obalulekile ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-Surrealism futhi wayengomunye wabokuqala ukuzama ukubhala ngokuzenzakalela. Izinkondlo zakhe zihlanganisa ukuzibamba okukhulumayo nokujula okufana namaphupho.
Sihambile isikhathi
Emthunzini nomoya
Kuyakhala ukukhala kanye nobusuku
Angilindi muntu
Akukho muntu
Ngisho nasenkumbulweni
Sekudlule ihora
Kepha lokho kukhala okuthwa ngumoya
Futhi Dlulela phambili
Kuqhamuka endaweni engaphezulu
Ngenhla kwephupho
Angilindi muntu
Kepha nabu ubusuku
Uthweswe ngomlilo
Kusuka emehlweni abo bonke abafileyo
Athule
Futhi konke obekumele kunyamalale
Konke kulahlekile
Kufanele uphinde uyithole
Ngenhla kwephupho
Ngobusuku.
«Ebusuku» - Antonin Artaud
U-Antonin Artaud, ngaphezu kokuba yimbongi, wayengumbhali weshashalazi . Umsebenzi wakhe wabelana ngolimi oluqhumayo lwabaSurrealists futhi ulindele iTheatre of the Absurd. Kule nkondlo, idolobha lasebusuku liba yisiteji sedrama yangaphakathi.
Izibali ze-zinc zihamba ngezitamkoko,
imvula iphinde inyukele enyangeni;
efasiteleni iwindi
wembula owesifazane ohamba ze.
Ezikhumbeni zamashidi avuvukile
lapho ephefumula ubusuku bonke
imbongi izwa ukuthi izinwele zayo
ziyakhula futhi ziyanda.
Ubuso obufiphele bophahla
cabanga ngemizimba eyeluliwe.
Phakathi komhlaba namatshe
impilo iyinto encane ejulile.
Imbongi, yini ekukhathazayo
ayihlangene nenyanga;
imvula ipholile,
isisu silungile.
Buka izibuko zigcwala
emabalaleni omhlaba
impilo ayinalutho
ikhanda likude.
Kokunye imbongi iyacabanga.
Asidingi inyanga
ikhanda likhulu,
umhlaba ugcwele.
Kuwo wonke amagumbi
umhlaba uyathuthumela,
impilo izala okuthile
ekhuphuka ibheke ophahleni.
Ideski lamakhadi lintanta emoyeni
azungeze izibuko;
intuthu yewayini, intuthu yengilazi
namapayipi kusihlwa.
Ekhoneni le-oblique lophahla
kuwo wonke amakamelo athuthumelayo
Intuthu yasolwandle iyanqwabelana
yamaphupho akhiwe kabi.
Ngoba nakhu Impilo iyabuzwa
nesisu sokucabanga;
amabhodlela ashayana nezigebhezi
yomhlangano wasemoyeni.
Izwi livela ephusheni
njengembali noma njengengilazi
egcwele ubujamo nentuthu.
Ingilazi nesisu kushayisana:
impilo icacile
kuzingebhezi ezinesiqiniseko.
I-areopagus evuthayo yezimbongi
ihlangana izungeze i-baize eluhlaza,
igebe liyaphotha.
Impilo idlula ngemicabango
wembongi enoboya.
«Ukubukeka kwedolobha» - Olivero Girondo
U-Oliverio Girondo, imbongi yase-Argentina, wayengomunye wabasabalalisi abakhulu be- avant-garde eLatin America . Izinkondlo zakhe ezi-surrealist zigcwele amahlaya, ukusungula amazwi, kanye nezigcawu ezingalindelekile, njengalena ekulo mbhalo.
Ingabe kwavela ngomshoshaphansi?
Ingabe yavela esibhakabhakeni?
Ngangiphakathi kwemisindo
ulimele,
ulimale kabi,
namanje,
buthule,
ukuguqa ngaphambi kokuhlwa,
ngaphambi kokungenakugwemeka,
imithambo enamathiselwe
ukwethuka,
etiyela,
nge-tresses yabo ewile,
ngamehlo akhe angcwele,
konke, konke nqunu,
icishe iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imhlophe qwa.
Babekhuluma ngehhashi.
Ngicabanga ukuthi kwakuyingelosi.
«Umlotha» - Alejandra Pizarnik
U-Alejandra Pizarnik umele elinye lamazwi anamandla kakhulu ezinkondlweni zaseLatin America zekhulu lama-20. Umsebenzi wakhe, omfushane kodwa ogxile, wondliwa yizithombe ezifana namaphupho, usizi lokuphila, kanye nobudlelwano obungqubuzanayo nolimi , okusobala ukuthi kuthonywe yi-surrealism.
Ubusuku buhlukaniswe nezinkanyezi
engibuka emangele
umoya ukhafula inzondo
wahlobisa ubuso bakhe
ngomculo.
Ngokushesha sizohamba
Iphupho le-Arcane
ukhokho wokumamatheka kwami
umhlaba ulahlekile
futhi kukhona ukhiye kodwa azikho izikhiye
futhi kunokwesaba kodwa akukho zinyembezi.
Ngizokwenzani ngami?
Ngoba ngikukweleta lokho engiyikho
Kepha anginakusasa
Ngoba u ...
Ubusuku buyahlupheka.
Kuze kube manje izinkondlo zabasunguli be-surrealist zababhali abaziwa kakhulu bale nhlangano sezifikile, ngakho-ke sethemba ukuthi uzijabulele kakhulu njengoba senze ekuziqoqeleni ukuze zikubonise zona. Uma unemibuzo noma iminikelo, khumbula ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi; Ngendlela efanayo esikumema ngayo ukuthi wabelane ngalokhu okungena kumanethiwekhi wakho wokuxhumana nomphakathi, ngoba ungaba nomngani othanda izinkondlo ze-surrealist kanti awukazazi namanje.
Ezinye izinkondlo nababhali abadumile be-surrealist
Ngaphezu kwemibhalo eseyishiwo, izinkondlo ze-surrealist zihlanganisa uhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwababhali nezinkondlo ezigxila ezicini ezahlukene zomnyakazo. Ngezansi kunezinye zezibonelo ezimele kakhulu, kanye namaphuzu amafushane okusiza ukuqonda igalelo labo ekubukekeni kwe-surrealist.
"Kuzoba khona" — André Breton
U-André Breton, umgqugquzeli oyinhloko kanye nobuso bomphakathi be-Surrealism, wakha ku- Surrealist Manifesto yakhe umqondo wokuthi le nhlangano yayisekelwe eqinisweni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezithile zokuhlangana kanye nokusebenzisa ngokukhululekile ukucabanga. Ku-“There Will Be,” inkumbulo, ithuba, kanye nesiprofetho kuyahlangana.
Uvelaphi lowo msindo womthombo?
Kodwa-ke, isihluthulelo asizange sihlale emnyango
Yini engenziwa ukuze kususwe la matshe amakhulu?
Ngalolo suku ngizothuthumela ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlekelwa umkhondo
Kwenye yezindawo eziphithizelayo zaseLyon
Kwakumnandi kakhulu lapho sengizohlanganisa iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ngaphambi kwami, indlela ehlekisayo enowesifazane ojabule kakhulu
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhuba izoshintsha kakhulu
Ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kuzosuswa
I-dragonfly izogijima izongilalela ngo-1950
Kule migwaqo
I-Vertigo yinto enhle kakhulu engake ngayazi.
Futhi njalo ngoMeyi 25, ekupheleni kwemini, i-Delescluze endala
Egqoke imaski kaKhisimusi, wehla waya eChâteau-d'Eau
Kubonakala sengathi bahlanganisa amakhadi ezibuko emthunzini.
"Oyedwa" kanye "noMjiko Wamehlo Akho" — uPaul Éluard
Ngaphezu kwe-"The Mirror of a Moment," u-Éluard wabhala izinkondlo eziningi zothando lapho othandekayo eba yisikhungo somhlaba kanye nesihluthulelo seqiniso . I-"The Only One" kanye ne-"The Curve of Your Eyes" zibonisa ikhono lakhe lokuvuselela ulimi lothando ngezithombe ezihlaba umxhwele.
Wathola induduzo ekuthuleni komzimba wakhe
Ibhola leqhwa elincane elibomvu
Wayekubeke emahlombe akhe
Isithunzi sokuthula, isithunzi se-rose
Ifakwe yi-halo yakhe
Izandla zakhe kanye nokukhothama okuthobekile kanye nabahlabeleli
Baphule isibani.
Wabala imizuzu ngaphandle kokulala.
Ukugoba kwamehlo akho kuphendula inhliziyo yami ibheke phansi.
Isiyingi somdanso nobumnandi,
ukukhanya kwesikhathi, imbeleko ephephile neyobusuku,
Futhi kuthiwani uma ngingasakwazi konke engikubonile?
Kumane nje amehlo akho awazange angibone njalo.
[...]
"Kulokho okungaqondakali" — uRobert Desnos
URobert Desnos ubonisa indlela i-Surrealism eyahlanganisa ngayo ukuhlola okusemthethweni nokuzibophezela komuntu siqu okujulile . Ngemva kokuxoshwa eqenjini, wajoyina i-French Resistance washona ekamu lokuhlushwa. Le nkondlo, eqondiswe kumuntu wesifazane ofana nephupho, ihlola umngcele phakathi kwephupho neqiniso.
Ngikuphuphe kakhulu kangangokuthi usulahlekelwe ukuxhumana neqiniso.
Ingabe kuzoba nesikhathi sokufinyelela lowo mzimba ophilayo?
bese uqabula kulowo mlomo
ukuzalwa kwezwi engilifunayo?
[...]
"Amalanga Aculayo" — René Char
URené Char, omncane kunabasunguli, waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngaphansi kwethonya le-Surrealism kodwa ngokushesha wathuthukisa izwi lakhe eligxile nelithanda ukusho izinto ngendlela exakile. Ku-“The Singing Suns,” leli vesi limvumela ukubala izibalo ezisemaceleni kanye nezinhlekelele njengokungathi ziyizingcezu zesambulo esimnyama.
Ukunyamalala okungachazeki
izingozi ezingalindelekile
mhlawumbe amashwa amaningi ngokweqile
izinhlekelele zazo zonke izinhlobo
izinhlekelele eziminza futhi zishise
Ukuzibulala kubhekwa njengobugebengu
abangenakulungiseka abawohloka
[...]
Surrealism eLatin America: Huidobro, Césaire, Alberti, Aleixandre nabanye
I-Surrealism ayizange ihlale iseFrance kuphela. Izimbongi ezifana noVicente Huidobro , uyise we-Creationism, zafaka izinto ze-surrealism ekuvikeleni kwazo izinkondlo njengendalo ephelele. U-Aimé Césaire , waseMartinique, wahlanganisa i-surrealism kanye nobushoshovu babantu abamnyama emibhalweni efana nethi "Sun Serpent."
Emkhakheni wamaHispanic, ngaphezu kukaLorca noPaz, uRafael Alberti uvelele , ngezincwadi ezifana neSobre los ángeles , lapho izithombe ezifana namaphupho ziveza khona ubunzima bakhe, kanye noVicente Aleixandre , omsebenzi wakhe wawuthonywe kakhulu amasu angewona aweqiniso okuhlola ukuhlonza umuntu nendawo yonke.
Izimbongi ezifana no -Oliverio Girondo , u-Alejandra Pizarnik , uCésar Moro , noJoyce Mansour zandisa isifiso sokucabanga nge-surrealist ngesiSpanishi nangesiFulentshi, zikhuluma ngezihloko ezifana nobulili, ubuntwana obulimele, ukufa, kanye nokuvukela izindinganiso zomphakathi.
I-Surrealism, amaphupho kanye nokuphila kwangaphakathi
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-surrealism namaphupho abugcini nje ngokuhlobisa. Kwabakholelwa ku-surrealism, ukuphupha akuphathelene nokubalekela iqiniso, kodwa mayelana nokuhlola olunye uhlangothi lwangempela , lapho izifiso, ukwesaba, nezinkumbulo zizibonakalisa khona ngaphandle kokuhlolwa.
URobert Desnos wagomela ngokuthi izimangaliso zomhlaba zilele ebusuku , nokuthi eceleni kwemisindo, izitimela, kanye nezibani kukhona nomuntu oyimfihlakalo imbongi emfunayo. ULeonora Carrington, uRemedios Varo, noMax Ernst bahumushe lo mbono ofana nephupho ku-canvas, kanti ezinkondlweni wabonakala ezigcawini ezingaba yiphupho elicacile noma iphupho elibi.
Ama-Surrealists aphikisana ngokuthi inkululeko yangempela, ezweni elinobutha kwezenhlalo nakwezepolitiki, ithole isiphephelo emcabangweni nasemaphusheni . Ngakho-ke, izithombe eziningi ezinkondlweni zabo zidlala ngezindawo ezingenakwenzeka, izinto ezishintsha ukusebenza, kanye nemizimba eguqukayo.
Ukufunda okunconywayo kanye nokuxhumana nezinye izinhlangano zezinkondlo
Uma unesithakazelo ezinkondlweni ze-surrealist, ungase ukuthole kuzuzisa ukuhlola ezinye izinhlangano zezincwadi ezihilelekile noma ezandulelayo. Phakathi kwalezi, okulandelayo kuyagqama:
- Izinkondlo Zothando, ezethula ukugcizelela ubuwena, ukuzithoba kanye nokungenangqondo, izici ezizoqhubeka nokubonakala sengathi yi-surrealism.
- Izinkondlo ze-Avant-garde, okuhlanganisa i-futurism, i-dadaism, i-ultraism kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezazifuna ukuhlukana nesiko.
- Izinkondlo Zobuqiniso futhi i Okwemvelo, okuyinto i-surrealism eyilahla ngamabomu ngokungafuni ukuba yisibuko esithembekile somphakathi.
- Izinkondlo ze-Futurism, ngokuphakanyiswa kwayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nesivinini, okwathonya imifanekiso yabanye abantu abakholelwa ezintweni ezingokoqobo.
- Izinkondlo Zobu-Classicism, kusuka i-neoclassicism futhi i I-Baroqueokusebenza njengephuzu eliphikisayo lokuqonda izinga lapho i-surrealism ihlukana khona nezilinganiso kanye nenkulumo ezuzwe njengefa.
- Izinkondlo ze-Modernism futhi i Symbolism, kubaluleke kakhulu njengesethulo sokuvuselelwa kwezithombe nolimi.
- Izinkondlo zamaCubist, okuqhekeza iqiniso libe yizigaba eziningi, into ehambisana nendlela engavamile yokuhlanganisa izigcawu namazwi.
- Izinkondlo Zokuvuselelwa Kwesikhathi Esidlule, kukude ngesikhathi kodwa kuwusizo ukuqonda ushintsho olukhulu olwabangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-avant-garde.
Ukuqonda lezi zinyathelo kukuvumela ukuthi uqonde kangcono lokho izinkondlo ze-surrealist ezikulethayo okusha : ukubaluleka kokungazi lutho, ukubhala okuzenzakalelayo, isidumbu esihle, ukuqedwa ngamabomu kwe-logic, kanye nokuzibophezela emcabangweni ongenamingcele.
Izinkondlo ze-Surrealist, ezinezithombe zazo ezifana namaphupho, ukuhlangana okungalindelekile, kanye nenselele eqhubekayo yokucabanga, zihlala zingenye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokubuza izimpilo zethu zangaphakathi nokucabanga ngezwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukubuyela kulezi zinkondlo—ezibhalwe nguBreton, Éluard, Lorca, Aragon, Paz, Pizarnik, Soupault, Artaud, Girondo, nabanye abaningi—kuyindlela yokuvumela umcabango wethu uvuke, uzikhulule, futhi uthole ukuthi mhlawumbe, ngaphakathi kithi, kukhona indawo engavamile elinde ukubhalwa.