Abacabangi abaningi baye bathi abantu abayona nje ingqikithi yemizimba yabo. Kumelwe futhi sicabangele imicabango nemizwa yabo , amaphupho, amathemba, nemigomo yabo… Abanye bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi umphefumulo. Kubo, umzimba ongenawo umphefumulo awunamsebenzi.
Kwakukhona udokotela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 owathatha le ncazelo yomphefumulo isinyathelo esiqhubekayo. Lo dokotela wayebizwa ngokuthi uDuncan MacDougall , futhi wayeqiniseka ukuthi umphefumulo uyingxenye engokwenyama ehlala endaweni ethile emzimbeni wethu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kumelwe ube nesisindo esithile.
Wayeqiniseka kakhulu kangangokuthi waqala ukuqhuba ucwaningo nabantu. Lolu cwaningo lwaluneziphambeko ezinkulu zesayensi ngisho nezokuziphatha . Wayelinganisa abantu ngaphambi kokuba bafe bese ephinda futhi ngemva kokufa kwabo. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi abantu abangenayo imiphefumulo babezoba nesisindo esincane.
Iziphetho zocwaningo lwabo: Naphezu kokushiyeka okukhulu ekuqineni kocwaningo, kungatholakala okunye okuthakazelisayo emphakathini wesayensi. Kwaqinisekiswa futhi kwathandwa ukuthi isidumbu somuntu ofile sinesisindo esingamagremu angu-21 ngaphansi kunangesikhathi esaphila.
Ingabe umphefumulo unesisindo esingamagremu angu-21? Nakuba kuyinkolelo -mbono ephikisanayo , yaziwa kabanzi, futhi kwenziwa nefilimu enesihloko esithi "21 Grams" ngayo. Akungabazeki ukuthi uDkt. Duncan MacDougall wayeqiniseka ukuthi umphefumulo unesisindo esingamagremu angu-21 ngqo.
Udokotela, isikali kanye ne-hypothesis
UMacDougall wakha umbhede obekwe esikalini sepulatifomu , ofana nezikali zeFairbanks ezisetshenziselwa ukukala izinto ezinkulu, ezilinganiswe ukuze kutholakale ukuhlukahluka okuncane kakhulu (ngokuhleleka kwamagremu ambalwa). Ngosizo lwabanye odokotela, wabona iziguli eziyisithupha ezigula kakhulu zilele kulo mbhede futhi waqopha izinguquko zesisindo ngesikhathi sokufa nangemizuzu embalwa kamuva.
Njengoba echaza, ngesikhathi impilo iphela, ithreyi eliphambene nesilinganiso lalizokwehla ngokushesha, njengokungathi kukhona okuphuma emzimbeni . Wabika ukulahlekelwa okuphakathi kwebanga elicishe libe yisigamu se-ounce kuya ku-ounce elingaphezu kweyodwa, yize idatha yayingavumelani : usayizi wesampula wawuncane, amacala amane kuphela ayebhekwa njengasebenzayo, kwezinye iziguli isisindo sabuya ngemva kwalokho, futhi kwaba nobunzima ekutholeni isikhathi esiqondile sokufa.
Ukuze aqinise umbono wakhe, waphinda lokhu kuhlola ngezinja futhi akatholanga kulahlekelwa ngemva kokufa. Wachaza lokhu njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu kuphela abanomphefumulo, nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube nezinkinga zokuziphatha ekutholeni lolu lwazi, futhi kunoma yikuphi, ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwezinhlobo kuyangabazeka ngokwendlela yokusebenza.
Sivelaphi isibalo samagremu angama-21?
Lesi sibalo esidumile sivela kurekhodi elilodwa elihambisana nalokho kulahlekelwa okulinganiselwe kwesinye sezihloko. Ngisho nangaphakathi kochungechunge lukadokotela, lesi sibalo sasingenakuphindwa. Kodwa-ke, ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kanye nezincwadi zangaleso sikhathi kwakhulisa lokhu okutholakele, futhi isiko elidumile lakubeka endaweni yalo emashumini eminyaka kamuva: ifilimu ethi 21 Grams , uchungechunge, amanoveli, izingoma, ngisho nezinkomba kuma-manga nakumadokhumentari kuye kwagcina lo mbono uphila.
Lokhu kukhanga akukusha: eGibhithe lasendulo, umphefumulo wawusuvele wahlulelwa ngokukala inhliziyo ngophaphe lukaMaat. Isithombe "sokulinganisa umphefumulo" besilokhu siphindaphindwa emasikweni amaningi; ukuzama kukaMacDougall kuhambisana nenguqulo yesimanje yophawu oludala.
Ukugxeka kwesayensi kanye nezincazelo zomzimba
Umphakathi wesayensi ukhombe amaphutha abalulekile: usayizi wesampula onganele , ukuntuleka kwezilawuli eziqinile, ukukhetha idatha, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukungakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokufa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwanikezwa izincazelo ezinengqondo zomzimba ngokuhlukahluka kwesisindo: ukwanda kwesikhashana kokushisa komzimba lapho umoya wokuphefumula uphela, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ngokujuluka kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula, ukukhishwa kwegesi , kanye nezinguquko ekusakazweni koketshezi. Umgxeki walesi sikhathi, udokotela u-Augustus P. Clarke, wagcizelela lezi zindlela futhi waphawula ukuthi izinja azikwazi ukujuluka (ngaphandle kwasezindlebeni zazo nasemakhaleni), ngakho akufanele zibonise amandla afanayo okulahlekelwa isisindo, okuzochaza imiphumela "engemihle" ezilwaneni ngaphandle kokubiza umphefumulo.
Imizamo elandelayo yokukhiqiza lesi simo ezilwaneni zasemapulazini iye yachaza ngisho nokwanda kwesisindo kwesikhashana lapho kufa, okube sekubuyela emuva, mhlawumbe ngenxa yemiphumela yemishini yesikhulumi, ukusatshalaliswa kabusha koketshezi, noma amadivayisi okulinganisa. Kwakukhona neziphakamiso zokuthola ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi okucatshangelwayo ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuphila, kodwa lokhu akuphumelelanga. Kuze kube namuhla, abukho ubufakazi obuphindaphindwayo bokuthi into engabonakali ebizwa ngokuthi “umphefumulo” inobunzima noma ingalinganiswa ngamathuluzi angokwenyama.
Ngamagama ezindlela, leli cala lisebenza njengesibonelo sokuthi kungani izimangalo ezingavamile zidinga osayizi abakhulu besampula , ukulawulwa okuqinile kweziguquguquko, ukucaca kwedatha okuphelele, ukuphindaphindwa kabusha , kanye nokubuyekezwa kontanga. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, noma yisiphi "isisindo somphefumulo" sihlala endaweni yesingathekiso noma inkolelo yomuntu siqu.
Kungani kunzima kangaka ukuhambisa isidumbu?
Umuzwa wokuthi isidumbu esifile "sinesisindo esikhulu" ubangelwa ukuntuleka kwemisipha nokubambisana ngokuzithandela: isisindo asisasabalali ngenkuthalo, futhi umzimba awusizi ngokulungiswa okuncane kokuma. Akukho ukwanda kwangempela kwesisindo ngemizuzwana; okukhona isisindo esingaphelele okunzima ukusiphatha.
Umbuzo othi “Umzimba ongenamphefumulo unesisindo esingakanani?” wembula okwengeziwe ngesidingo sethu sencazelo kunangamagremu aqondile. Ukuhlolwa okwakhulisa inani lamagremu angu-21 kuyathakazelisa ngokomlando, kodwa akulona ubufakazi . Esikwaziyo ukuthi umzimba ungabonisa ukushintshashintsha okuncane kwesisindo ngenxa yezinqubo zomzimba kanye namadivayisi okulinganisa ekufeni, nokuthi umqondo womphefumulo osindayo noma olula, okwamanje, ungowefilosofi, imfundiso yenkolo, kanye namasiko.