Odokotela bezengqondo yiwona odokotela ababekwe icala lokutadisha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ezithinta ubuchopho nokuziphatha. Umsebenzi wabo ukufeza baxilonge, bahlole, bavimbele, futhi babelaphe ngamathuluzi ezokwelapha, ezokwelapha, kanye nokwelapha ngokwengqondo. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi bangaba kanjani udokotela wezifo zengqondo, ukuthi yini ngempela okudingeka bayifunde, nokuthi iyiphi indlela yezemfundo neyobungcweti okufanele bayilandele; ngakho-ke, ngezansi kunencazelo ephelele nehlelekile yakho konke okudingeka ukwazi.
Ngaphakathi kwezokwelapha ngengqondo singathola amagatsha ahlukene, njenge i-psychopathology, lo i-psychopharmacology futhi i i-sexologyNgaphezu kwezifundo eziningi ezikhethekile zezokwelapha (ebuntwaneni, ezokwelapha ngokomthetho, ezokuguga, ukulutheka, njll.). Zonke lezi zindawo ziyingxenye yensimu yesenzo sikadokotela wezifo zengqondo, futhi sizochaza nokuthi ngayinye ifundwa kanjani nokuthi ihilelani.
Thola ukuthi ungaba kanjani udokotela wezifo zengqondo
Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula, akunakwenzeka ukuthola eyodwa kunoma iyiphi inyuvesi. iziqu zaseyunivesithi ezibizwa ngokuqondile ngokuthi “i-psychiatry” (ngokungafani ne-psychology). Lokhu kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqeqesha njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo kusukela ngosuku lokuqala eyunivesithi. Eqinisweni, i-psychiatry iyi- i-postgraduate noma ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha okwenziwa ngemva kokuqeda iziqu zobuDokotela nokuphasa ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kokuhlala (eSpain, ngohlelo lwe-MIR).
Ngakho-ke, noma ngubani ofuna ukusebenza njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo kumele azimisele ukulandela uhambo olude nolunzimaOkokuqala, thola iziqu zobudokotela, bese uthola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, futhi ezimweni eziningi, qhubeka neziqu ezikhethekile noma iziqu ze-master ezihlobene nempilo yengqondo.
Yini okufanele ngiyifunde?
Kumelwe kufundwe Imithi njengesisekelo esiyimpoqo ngoba kuyadingeka ukuthola ulwazi olujulile ngomzimba womuntu, impilo ejwayelekile, kanye nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo zezitho zomzimba. Kuphela ngalo mbono ophelele lapho kungenzeka khona ukugxila empilweni yengqondo futhi uqonde ubudlelwano phakathi kobuchopho, umzimba, kanye nendawo ezungezile.
Inhlanganisela ye-Psychiatry izici eziphilayo (i-neurochemistry, i-genetics, i-physiology) ngezici ezengqondo, ezesintu kanye nezesikompiloInhloso ukutadisha izifo zengqondo kanye nezifo, kanye nemiphumela ethonya ukuziphatha kwabantu, kokubili okuvela kumakhemikhali kanye nemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekucindezelekeni kanye nezinkinga zokukhathazeka kuya kwi-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, kanye nokulutha. Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla noma izinkinga zobuntu.
Kafushane, i- trajectory Inqubo okufanele uyilandele, okungenani eSpain, yile elandelayo:
- Funda bese uqeda iziqu zobudokotela, okuvame ukuhlala iminyaka eyisithupha.
- Phasa isivivinyo sokungenela ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (i-MIR) bese ukhetha okukhethekile kwe-Psychiatry noma of Ingqondo Yengane Nentsha.
- Ukuqeqeshwa njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala, ubuchwepheshe obuhlala cishe iminyaka emine ukuqeqeshwa okujulile kwethiyori kanye nokusebenza.
- Qedela ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha ngengqondo bese uthola isihloko sochwepheshe esisemthethweni, okwenza umuntu afanelekele ukusebenza njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlala esikhungweni sezifo zengqondo, udokotela uthola ukuqeqeshwa ezindaweni ezifana izisekelo ze-psychiatry, umtholampilo wezifo zengqondo, ukwelashwa kwengqondo okuphuthumayo, ukwelashwa kwe-psychopharmacological, i-psychology yezokwelaphaIzindlela zokwelapha ngokwengqondo kanye namasu okuhlola ngokwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziqeda ukushintshaniswa ngezindawo ezahlukene zokunakekelwa kwempilo: ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, amayunithi okulaliswa esibhedlela, izimo eziphuthumayo zengqondo, ukwelashwa kwengqondo yomphakathi, ukuvuselelwa, izinsizakalo zokulutha, kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo kwezingane nentsha, phakathi kwezinye.
Nota: Uma ukhetha uhlobo lodokotela wezifo zengqondo ofuna ukuba yilo, uzoba nenketho yodokotela wezifo zengqondo emtholampilo, ingane, i-forensic, eziphilayo, Ikhaya lokuhlengwa noma ngezinye izinto ezikhethekile, njengokwelashwa kwengqondo kwabantu asebekhulile, izinkinga zokufunda, ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwezenhlalo, noma ukwelashwa kwengqondo kokulutheka.
Yimiphi imisebenzi efezwa ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko kadokotela wezifo zengqondo ukutadisha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo futhi usebenzise lolo lwazi ukuze ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela kanye nokulandelela Ngokungafani nososayensi bezengqondo—uma unesifiso sokwazi indlela yokuba yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo—, odokotela bezifo zengqondo bangodokotela bezokwelapha, ngakho-ke banekhono lokuhlola isiguli sobabili kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-oda kanye nokuhlolwa okuhambisanayo (njengokuthwebula izithombe ze-neuro noma izifundo zelebhu) kanye nikeza imithi uma kudingeka.
- Ukudalwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene izindlela zokuxilonga nokwelapha kubantu abanezinkinga zengqondo noma zokuziphatha.
- Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe- ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila.
- Ukugcwaliseka kwe ucwaningo lwe-biomedical ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda izifo zengqondo nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha.
- Usizo oluqondile ezigulini ezise- ukubonisana neziguli zangaphandle, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, amadivayisi omphakathi, eziphuthumayo o amajele.
- Ukubamba iqhaza ku amaqembu ahlukahlukene kanye nososayensi bezengqondo, abahlengikazi bezempilo yengqondo, abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, abelaphi bezemisebenzi kanye nabanye ochwepheshe.
- Ukungenelela izimo zenhlekelele nezimo eziphuthumayo, njengemizamo yokuzibulala, izigameko eziphuthumayo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, noma izimo zokuphazamiseka okukhulu.
I-Psychiatry iyi- ukukhetha okuhle kubantu abafuna ukusiza labo abahlushwa izifo zengqondo noma izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemizwa, futhi abanesithakazelo kwezokwelapha ngokujwayelekile kanye nengqondo nokuziphatha komuntu.
Ngabe isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sehluke kanjani kudokotela wezifo zengqondo?
I-Psychiatry kanye ne-psychology zivame ukusebenzisana, kodwa ziyimisebenzi ehlukene enokuqeqeshwa okuhlukile kanye nezindlela. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ukuba ngudokotela wezifo zengqondoKubalulekile futhi ukuqonda lo mehluko ngokucacile ukuze ugweme ukudideka lapho ukhetha izifundo:
- Un isazi sezengqondo Igxile kakhulu ekutadisheni ukuziphatha komuntu, izinqubo zengqondo, kanye nemizwa. Ukuqeqeshwa kwayo akukhona kwezokwelapha, kodwa kwezengqondo, futhi ithuluzi layo eliyinhloko... amasu okwelapha ngokwengqondo, yokuhlola kanye nokuguqulwa kokuziphatha.
- Un udokotela wezengqondo Ungudokotela ogxile kakhulu ku- izifo zengqondo futhi kungabavimbela, baxilonge futhi babelaphe ngezinqubo zezokwelapha, ukwelashwa kwengqondo kanye nezidakamizwa.
- Udokotela wezifo zengqondo unethuba lokuthi nikeza imithi iziguli zabo ukuze zelaphe izifo ezahlukene, zidlulisele ukwamukelwa esibhedlela noma zibonise ukwelashwa okuthile kwebhayoloji, kuyilapho udokotela wengqondo engenakukunikeza imithi.
- Bobabili ochwepheshe bangabambisana eduze: udokotela wezifo zengqondo ugxile ku ingxenye yezokwelapha neyebhayoloji yesifo, kanye nodokotela wengqondo ku- ingxenye yengqondo nokuziphatha, ukuhlanganisa imizamo yokuthola umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokwelapha.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuyimisebenzi emibili ehlukene enezinhloso namathuluzi ahlukene; kodwa ingasebenza ngendlela ehlelekile lapho isiguli sidinga kokubili. ukwelashwa kwengqondo njengokusetshenziswa kwe umuthi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma umsuka walesi sifo ungowezinto eziphilayo noma ungowezinto eziningi.
Amagatsha kanye nezinto ezikhethekile ngaphakathi kwezokwelapha ngengqondo
Ngaphezu kwezokwelapha ngengqondo okujwayelekile, kunezinhlobo eziningi izindawo zokuzikhethela okuncane Lokhu kukhethekile kuvumela odokotela bezifo zengqondo ukuthi bangene ngokujulile emaqenjini athile abantu noma ezinhlotsheni zezifo. Ukuziqonda kuzokusiza uthole isithombe esicacile sobubanzi bomsebenzi obunikezwa yilolu cwaningo.
- Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwengane kanye nentshaIsebenza ngokuxilonga, ukwelapha, kanye nokuhlola ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngokomzwelo, kanye nokuziphatha ezinganeni nasebancane. Ibhekana nezinkinga ezifana nobunzima bokuzihlanganisa nesikole, izinkinga zokukhula kwemizwa, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, izinkinga zokuziphatha, noma ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa esemncane.
- Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwentshaNakuba ivame ukuhlanganiswa nemfundo yabantwana, igxile kubantu abasha abadlula esikhathini soshintsho olukhulu ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo, lapho iziqephu zokuqala zezifo eziningi zengqondo zivame ukuvela khona.
- Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwabantu abadala kanye nabantu asebekhulileIhlola futhi yelaphe izifo zengqondo ezithinta abantu abadala kanye nabantu asebekhulile, icabangela inkambo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwengqondo impilo yonke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwe-dementia, ukucindezeleka ekugugeni, ukusabela ezifweni zezokwelapha ezingamahlalakhona, kanye nezinkinga zokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
- Ingqondo yokuguga: i-subspecialty egxile ku izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kubantu abadala, njenge-dementia, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokuguga, noma ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ezimweni ezixhomeke kulokho okwenzayo.
- I-forensic psychiatry: isebenzisa ulwazi lwezengqondo ku insimu yezomthetho neyezobulungiswaIhlola impilo yengqondo yabantu abenze ubugebengu, ihlola umthwalo wabo wobugebengu kanye namandla abo omphakathi, futhi yeluleka izinkantolo ngengozi yokuphinda ubugebengu noma ingozi.
- I-Psychiatry egxile ezinkingeni zokufundaIgxile ekuhlolweni nasekuphathweni kwabantu abane- ubunzima bokufunda okungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuphazamiseka kwentuthuko yezinzwa, ukuphazamiseka kokunaka, noma izinkinga zemizwelo.
- I-social psychiatry: ihlola ukuthi izici zomphakathi (ubumpofu, ukukhishwa inyumbazane, ukubandlululwa, ubudlova, njll.) kuthonya ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwezifo zengqondo, futhi kuklama amasu okungenelela emphakathini.
- Ukwelapha ngengqondo kokulutha: igxile ekuxilongweni nasekwelashweni kwezinto zombili (utshwala, izidakamizwa) kanye nokuziphatha (ukugembula, ubuchwepheshe), ihlanganisa izindlela zezokwelapha, ezengqondo, kanye nezenhlalo.
Eziningi zalezi zindawo zakhiwe ngokusebenzisa ama-fellowship noma ama-master's degrees Uma indawo yokuhlala isiqediwe, udokotela wezifo zengqondo angangena ngokujulile ensimini ethile futhi ahlanganyele ezinhlelweni zezokwelapha noma zocwaningo ezikhethekile kakhulu.
Kukumaphi amanyuvesi azofundela ukuba ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo?
Njengoba sishilo, kufanele uqale ufunde ubudokotela ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha ngengqondo. ESpain, kunezikole eziningi zezokwelapha, kodwa ezinye zezikole ezidumile ngomlando wazo yilezi:
- I-Autonomous University of Madrid.
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
- University of Navarra.
- I-Autonomous University of Barcelona.
- Universidad de Barcelona.
Kwamanye amazwe, uhlelo lufana nalokhu: a iziqu noma iziqu ze-bachelor kwezokwelaphaNgemva kwalokho, ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha ngengqondo kufinyelelwa ngezivivinyo zikazwelonke noma izinhlelo zokuhlala, futhi ekugcineni, amazinga uchwepheshe futhi, uma kudingeka, uchwepheshe ongaphansi noma iziqu ze-master ezindaweni ezifana ne-neuropsychiatry, i-clinical neuropsychology, i-psychotherapy, ukulutheka, njll.
Uyini umholo kadokotela wezifo zengqondo futhi sinjani isimo sakhe sokuqashwa?
Umholo kadokotela wezifo zengqondo ungahluka kakhulu kuye ngezwe, uhlelo lwezempilo, ulwazi lomsebenzi, amashifu okusebenza ngesikhathi sokubiza, amakhono angaphansi, nokuthi basebenzela umqashi kuphela noma futhi emsebenzini wangasese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali engenayo ingahluka kuye ngokuthi udokotela wezifo zengqondo unalo yini ulwazi olungekho - cishe uhlobo oluthile lomshuwalense noma olunye uhlobo lokusekelwa. umkhuba wakho noma umtholampilo.
ESpain, umholo kadokotela wezifo zengqondo Ibekwe esigabeni esiphezulu nesiphakathi ngaphakathi kwezokwelapha ezikhethekile, kanye namaholo aphelele aminyaka yonke angathuthuka kakhulu ngesikhundla esiphakeme, amabhonasi, kanye nokusebenza kwangasese. Kwamanye amazwe, i-psychiatry nayo ngokuvamile ikhokhelwa kahle, yize lokhu kuncike njalo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nesimo sezomnotho esithile.
Ngokuqondene ne isimo somsebenziI-Psychiatry ibhekwa njengomsebenzi one- izinga eliphansi lokungasebenzi kanye nesidingo esikhulayo. Ukwanda kweziguli ezinezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kwenze odokotela bezifo zengqondo bafunwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene: ezempilo yomphakathi, ezibhedlela ezijwayelekile, ezikhungweni zempilo yengqondo, emayunithi okulutha, ezindaweni zomphakathi, ocwaningweni, ekufundiseni eyunivesithi, kanye nasemisebenzini yangasese.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zomphakathi, ukuguga kwabantu, kanye nokwanda kokubonakala kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kusikisela ukuthi isidingo sodokotela bezifo zengqondo Kuzohlala kuphezulu, okwenza lokhu okukhethekile kube inketho yomsebenzi ozinzile onamathemba amahle esikhathi esizayo.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko esinolwazi mayelana nokuba udokotela wezifo zengqondo sikusizile ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buhilelani, ukuthi ufundani, ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zomsebenzi ezitholakalayo, nokuthi buhluke kanjani kwezokwelapha kwengqondo. Uma kukhona ongakwengeza noma okubuzayo, ungasebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula Futhi, uma ukuthola kuwusizo, yabelana ngalokhu okuthunyelwe ezinkundleni zakho zokuxhumana ukuze nabanye abantu abanesifiso sokufunda ngezifo zengqondo nabo bafunde konke abadinga ukukwazi ukuze bafunde lo msebenzi othakazelisayo.